Fermenter for a liquid medium with gas circulation stirring, comprising an automatic device for establishing a fluid communication between the ascending circulation and the descending circulation volumes depending on the height of the medium

1. A fermenter for a liquid medium, comprising:

a container adapted to contain the liquid medium, a partition wall positioned in the container and separating first and second volumes, an injecting device for injecting gas into a lower part of one of the first or second volumes in order to create in the one of the first or second volumes an ascending circulation of a mixture between the liquid medium and the injected gas and a descending circulation of a mixture in the one of the first or second volumes not supplied with gas by the injection device, wherein the partition wall is equipped with at least one fluid communication device for establishing a fluid communication between the first and second volumes configured to automatically switch between:

a first configuration wherein the at least one fluid communication device allows, for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container, a free fluid circulation from one of the first or second volumes to the other one of the first or second volumes through the at least one fluid communication device, the first configuration being assumed as soon as, at the at least one fluid communication device, the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs is greater than a predetermined threshold value,

and a second configuration wherein the at least one fluid communication device blocks all or part of the fluid circulation for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container, the second configuration being assumed as soon as, at the at least one fluid communication device, the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold value, wherein the at least one fluid communication device is autonomous and switches from one configuration to the other without external action and regardless of the configuration adopted by any other fluid communication device of the fermenter.

2. The fermenter according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one communication device is a plurality of separate fluid communication devices arranged in different areas of the partition wall which are staggered along a height of the partition wall.

3. The fermenter according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device comprises a plurality of openings crossing a thickness of the partition wall and a plurality of closing elements, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements equips a corresponding opening and switches between:

an open position, corresponding to the first configuration of the ay least one fluid communication device, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements opens the corresponding opening and authorizes the at least one fluid communication between the first and second volumes through the opening to allow the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container to circulate freely from one volume of the first or second volumes to another one of the first or second volumes through the opening,

and a closed position, corresponding to the second configuration of the at least one fluid communication device, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements closes at least partially the corresponding opening and blocks all or part of the at least one fluid communication between the first and second volumes through the opening for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container.

4. The fermenter according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device comprises, for each closing element of the plurality of closing elements, a corresponding connecting mechanism allowing to fasten the closing element on the partition wall movably between the closed and open positions.

5. The fermenter according to claim 4 , wherein each connecting mechanism is configured such that the closing element corresponding thereto is mechanically placed automatically in its open position under the action of the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs when this difference takes a value greater than the predetermined threshold value.

6. The fermenter according to claim 4 , wherein each connecting mechanism is configured such that the closing element corresponding thereto is mechanically placed automatically in its closed position under the action of the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs when this difference takes a value less than or equal to the predetermined threshold value.

7. The fermenter according to claim 4 , wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements is hinged relative to the partition wall about a pivot axis located above the corresponding opening, the switching from the open position to the closed position and vice versa occurring by tilting the closing element about the pivot axis.

8. The fermenter according to claim 7 , wherein the each connecting mechanism is such that the pivot axis corresponding thereto is disposed in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and in that the closing element corresponding thereto is disposed in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs.

9. The fermenter according to claim 7 , wherein the connecting mechanism associated with each closing element of the plurality of closing elements comprises a support arm having a first end hinged about the pivot axis corresponding thereto and a second end connected to the closing element, the support arm passing through the thickness of the partition wall.

10. The fermenter according to claim 7 , wherein a center of gravity of each connecting mechanism is located in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs.

11. The fermenter according to claim 3 , wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements comprises a bearing face intended to bear against the partition wall in the closed position of the closing element and having a spatial shape complementary to a shape of an area of the partition wall at which the bearing face comes into contact.

12. The fermenter according to claim 1 , wherein the partition wall is formed in an inner tube positioned in the container such that the inner tube internally delimits the first volume and externally delimits the second volume in combination with the container.

13. The fermenter according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device is automatic in a manner requiring no manual intervention.

14. A fermenter for a liquid medium, comprising:

a container adapted to contain the liquid medium, a partition wall positioned in the container and separating first and second volumes, an injecting device for injecting gas into a lower part of one of the first or second volumes in order to create in the one of the first or second volumes an ascending circulation of a mixture between the liquid medium and the injected gas and a descending circulation of a mixture in the one of the first or second volumes not supplied with gas by the injection device, wherein the partition wall is equipped with at least one fluid communication device for establishing a fluid communication between the first and second volumes configured to automatically switch between:

a first configuration wherein the at least one fluid communication device allows, for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container, a free fluid circulation from one of the first or second volumes to the other one of the first or second volumes through the at least one fluid communication device, the first configuration being assumed as soon as, at the at least one fluid communication device, the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs is greater than a predetermined threshold value,

and a second configuration wherein the at least one fluid communication device blocks all or part of the fluid circulation for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container, the second configuration being assumed as soon as, at the at least one fluid communication device, the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold value,

wherein the at least one fluid communication device comprises a plurality of openings crossing a thickness of the partition wall and a plurality of closing elements, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements equips a corresponding opening and switches between:

an open position, corresponding to the first configuration of the fluid communication device, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements opens the corresponding opening and authorizes the at least one fluid communication between the first and second volumes through the opening to allow the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container to circulate freely from one volume of the first or second volumes to another one of the first or second volumes through the opening,

and a closed position, corresponding to the second configuration of the at least one fluid communication device, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements closes at least partially the corresponding opening and blocks all or part of the at least one fluid communication between the first and second volumes through the opening for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container,

wherein the at least one fluid communication device comprises, for each closing element of the plurality of closing elements, a corresponding connecting mechanism allowing to fasten the closing element on the partition wall movably between the closed and open positions, and

wherein each connecting mechanism is configured such that the closing element corresponding thereto is mechanically placed automatically in its open position under the action of the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs when this difference takes a value greater than the predetermined threshold value.

15. The fermenter according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device is a plurality of separate fluid communication devices arranged in different areas of the partition wall which are staggered along a height of the partition wall.

16. The fermenter according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device is autonomous and switches from one configuration to the other without external action and regardless of the configuration adopted by any other fluid communication device of the fermenter.

17. The fermenter according to claim 14 , wherein each connecting mechanism is configured such that the closing element corresponding thereto is mechanically placed automatically in its closed position under the action of the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs when this difference takes a value less than or equal to the predetermined threshold value.

18. The fermenter according to claim 14 , wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements is hinged relative to the partition wall about a pivot axis located above the corresponding opening, the switching from the open position to the closed position and vice versa occurring by tilting the closing element about the pivot axis.

19. The fermenter according to claim 18 , wherein each connecting mechanism is such that the pivot axis corresponding thereto is disposed in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and in that the closing element corresponding thereto is disposed in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs.

20. The fermenter according to claim 18 , wherein the connecting mechanism associated with each closing element of the plurality of closing elements comprises a support arm having a first end hinged about the pivot axis corresponding thereto and a second end connected to the closing element, the support arm passing through the thickness of the partition wall.

21. The fermenter according to claim 18 , wherein a center of gravity of each connecting mechanism is located in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs.

22. The fermenter according to claim 14 , wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements comprises a bearing face intended to bear against the partition wall in the closed position of the closing element and having a spatial shape complementary to a shape of an area of the partition wall at which the bearing face comes into contact.

23. The fermenter according to claim 14 , wherein the partition wall is formed in an inner tube positioned in the container such that the inner tube internally delimits the first volume and externally delimits the second volume in combination with the container.

24. The fermenter according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device is automatic in a manner requiring no manual intervention.

25. A fermenter for a liquid medium, comprising:

a container adapted to contain the liquid medium, a partition wall positioned in the container and separating first and second volumes, an injecting device for injecting gas into a lower part of one of the first or second volumes in order to create in the one of the first or second volumes an ascending circulation of a mixture between the liquid medium and the injected gas and a descending circulation of a mixture in the one of the first or second volumes not supplied with gas by the injection device, wherein the partition wall is equipped with at least one fluid communication device for establishing a fluid communication between the first and second volumes configured to automatically switch between:

a first configuration wherein the at least one fluid communication device allows, for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container, a free fluid circulation from one of the first or second volumes to the other one of the first or second volumes through the at least one fluid communication device, the first configuration being assumed as soon as, at the at least one fluid communication device, the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs is greater than a predetermined threshold value,

and a second configuration wherein the at least one fluid communication device blocks all or part of the fluid circulation for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container, the second configuration being assumed as soon as, at the at least one fluid communication device, the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold value,

wherein the at least one fluid communication device comprises a plurality of openings crossing a thickness of the partition wall and a plurality of closing elements, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements equips a corresponding opening and switches between:

an open position, corresponding to the first configuration of the at least one fluid communication device, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements opens the corresponding opening and authorizes the at least one fluid communication between the first and second volumes through the opening to allow the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container to circulate freely from one volume of the first or second volumes to another one of the first or second volumes through the opening,

and a closed position, corresponding to the second configuration of the at least one fluid communication device, wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements closes at least partially the corresponding opening and blocks all or part of the at least one fluid communication between the first and second volumes through the opening for the liquid medium and the gas contained in the container,

wherein the at least one fluid communication device comprises, for each closing element of the plurality of closing elements, a corresponding connecting mechanism allowing to fasten the closing element on the partition wall movably between the closed and open positions,

wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements is hinged relative to the partition wall about a pivot axis located above the corresponding opening, the switching from the open position to the closed position and vice versa occurring by tilting the closing element about the pivot axis, and

wherein each connecting mechanism is such that the pivot axis corresponding thereto is disposed in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and in that the closing element corresponding thereto is disposed in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs.

26. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device is a plurality of separate fluid communication devices arranged in different areas of the partition wall which are staggered along a height of the partition wall.

27. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device is autonomous and switches from one configuration to the other without external action and regardless of the configuration adopted by any other fluid communication device of the fermenter.

28. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein each connecting mechanism is configured such that the closing element corresponding thereto is mechanically placed automatically in its open position under the action of the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs when this difference takes a value greater than the predetermined threshold value.

29. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein each connecting mechanism is configured such that the closing element corresponding thereto is mechanically placed automatically in its closed position under the action of the difference between the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs and the pressure of the mixture in the one of the first or second volumes where the descending circulation occurs when this difference takes a value less than or equal to the predetermined threshold value.

30. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein the connecting mechanism associated with each closing element of the plurality of closing elements comprises a support arm having a first end hinged about the pivot axis corresponding thereto and a second end connected to the closing element, the support arm passing through the thickness of the partition wall.

31. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein a center of gravity of each connecting mechanism is located in the one of the first or second volumes where the ascending circulation occurs.

32. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein each closing element of the plurality of closing elements comprises a bearing face intended to bear against the partition wall in the closed position of the closing element and having a spatial shape complementary to a shape of an area of the partition wall at which the bearing face comes into contact.

33. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein the partition wall is formed in an inner tube positioned in the container such that the inner tube internally delimits the first volume and externally delimits the second volume in combination with the container.

34. The fermenter according to claim 25 , wherein the at least one fluid communication device is automatic in a manner requiring no manual intervention.