Regenerable battery electrode
A binder-free, self-supporting electrode including an electrochemically active material in the absence of a binder and a current collector is claimed. The electrochemically active material is a self-supporting transition metal oxide. A method of regenerating the electrode to restore capacity of the electrode is also claimed.
1. A method of regenerating a self-supporting, binder-free electrode comprising:
providing a battery with a self-supporting, binder-free electrode comprising an electrochemically active material in the absence of a binder and a current collector, wherein the electrochemically active material is a self-supporting transition metal oxide;
removing the electrode from a battery with capacity fade; and
regenerating the electrode by a thermal treatment under air, wherein the thermal treatment includes heating the electrode to a temperature of 300° C. for two hours, and placing the regenerated electrode in the battery or a new battery.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the battery has undergone at least 50 cycles prior to electrode regeneration.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the battery has undergone at least 250 cycles prior to electrode regeneration.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemically active material is selected from the group consisting of Zn x O y , Mn x O y , V x O y , Fe x O y Sn x O y , La x Mn y O z , Ni x Co y O z , Mo x O y , and Mn w Ni x Co y O z , wherein x, y, and z are numbers greater than 0.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the electrochemically active material is cryptomelane type manganese dioxide OMS-2.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the self-supporting transition metal oxide comprises nanofibers.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising no more than 20% based upon the total weight of the electrode of a conductive additive selected from the group consisting of nanostructured carbon, graphitic carbon, conductive metal nanoparticles, and metal wire mesh.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the conductive additive is nanostructured carbon and the nanostructure carbon is multi-walled carbon nanotubes, fullerene, or graphene.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the nanostructured carbon is multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the weight ratio of active material to conductive additive is 5:0 or higher.