Method of lubricating a mechanical device
A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt, where at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure, exhibits good antiwear performance, even in the presence of corrosion inhibitor additives. In the phosphate amine salt, at least 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are typically secondary alkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
1. A lubricating composition for lubricating a mechanical device, comprising:
(a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; and
(b) about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight of a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt wherein at least about 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an-alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure; wherein at least about 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are secondary alkyl groups of about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms; and
(c) a corrosion inhibitor comprising a thiadiazole compound;
(d) an extreme pressure agent; and
wherein the antiwear additive delivers a phosphorous level of from 200 ppm to 3000 ppm.
2. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine alkyl pyrophosphate salt comprises a species represented by formula (I) or (II):
wherein each R 1 is independently a secondary alkyl group of about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms and each R 2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group, and at least one R 2 group is a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group; or wherein the —OH group is replaced by an —OR 1 group, or wherein one or more —OR 1 groups are replaced by —OH groups, or wherein an R 1 group is replaced by a phosphorus-containing group.
3. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine alkyl pyrophosphate salt comprises a species represented by formula (I) or (II):
wherein each R 1 is independently a secondary alkyl group of about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms and each R 2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group, and at least one R 2 group is a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group.
4. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional antiwear agent.
5. The lubricating composition of claim 4 , wherein the at least one additional antiwear agent comprises one or more of a titanium compound, a tartrate, a tartrimide, an oil soluble amine salt of a phosphorous compound, a sulfurized olefin, a metal dihydrocarbyl-dithiophosphates, a phosphite, a phosphonate, a thiocarbamate-containing compound, or an oil soluble phosphorus amine salt.
6. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the antiwear additive is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 percent by weight.
7. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the antiwear additive is present in an amount to deliver a phosphorous content of at least 200 ppm.
8. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the antiwear additive is present in an amount to deliver a phosphorous content of from 200 ppm to 3000 ppm.
9. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. by ASTM D445 of about 3 to about 7.5 mm 2 /s.
10. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises a poly alpha olefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. by ASTM D445 of about 3 to about 7.5.
11. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the thiadiazole compound comprises a dimercaptothiadiazole derivative.
12. The lubricating composition of claim 11 , wherein the dimercaptothiadiazole derivative is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight.
13. The lubricating composition of claim 1 further comprising an overbased alkaline earth metal detergent in an amount to provide 0 to about 500 parts by million by weight alkaline earth metal.
14. The lubricating composition of claim 1 further comprising 0 to about 30 percent by weight of a polymeric viscosity index modifier.
15. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the extreme pressure agent is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 wt %.
16. The lubricating composition of claim 15 , wherein the extreme pressure agent comprises a sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent or a chlorosulfur-containing extreme-pressure agent.
17. A method of lubricating a mechanical device, comprising:
I. supplying to the mechanical device a lubricant composition according to claim 1 .
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the amine alkyl pyrophosphate salt comprises a species represented by formula (I) or (II):
wherein each R 1 is independently a secondary alkyl group of about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms and each R 2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group, and at least one R 2 group is a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group; or wherein the —OH group is replaced by an —OR 1 group, or wherein one or more —OR 1 groups are replaced by —OH groups, or wherein an R 1 group is replaced by a phosphorus-containing group.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the amine alkyl pyrophosphate salt comprises a species represented by formula (I) or (II):
wherein each R 1 is independently a secondary alkyl group of about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms and each R 2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group, and at least one R 2 group is a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group.
20. The method of claim 17 , further comprising at least one additional antiwear agent.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the at least one additional antiwear agent comprises one or more of a titanium compound, a tartrate, a tartrimide, an oil soluble amine salt of a phosphorous compound, a sulfurized olefin, a metal dihydrocarbyl-dithiophosphates, a phosphite, a phosphonate, a thiocarbamate-containing compound, or an oil soluble phosphorus amine salt.
22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the antiwear additive is present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 percent by weight.
23. The method of claim 17 , wherein the antiwear additive is present in an amount to deliver a phosphorous content of at least 200 ppm.
24. The method of claim 17 , wherein the antiwear additive is present in an amount to deliver a phosphorous content of from 200 ppm to 3000 ppm.
25. The method of claim 17 , wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. by ASTM D445 of about 3 to about 7.5 mm 2/ s.
26. The method of claim 19 , wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises a poly alpha olefin having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. by ASTM D445 of about 3 to about 7.5.
27. The method of claim 17 , wherein the thiadiazole compound comprises a dimercaptothiadiazole derivative.
28. The method of claim 26 , wherein the dimercaptothiadiazole derivative is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight.
29. The method of claim 17 further comprising an overbased alkaline earth metal detergent in an amount to provide 0 to about 500 parts by million by weight alkaline earth metal.
30. The method of claim 17 further comprising 0 to about 30 percent by weight of a polymeric viscosity index modifier.
31. The method of claim 17 , wherein the extreme pressure agent is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 10 wt %.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the extreme pressure agent comprises a sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent or a chlorosulfur-containing extreme-pressure agent.
33. The method of claim 17 , wherein the mechanical device comprises a gear.
34. The method of claim 17 , wherein the mechanical device comprises an axle.