Article having surface treatment layer

1. An article comprising

a base material of zirconium oxide,

an intermediate layer located on the base material, and

a surface treating layer formed from a surface treating agent comprising a fluorine-containing silane compound located on the intermediate layer,

wherein the intermediate layer comprises one or more metal oxides, and

a total thickness of the intermediate layers is 80 nm or less.

2. The article according to claim 1 wherein the intermediate layer comprises silicon oxide.

3. The article according to claim 1 wherein the intermediate layer comprises silicon oxide and aluminum oxide.

4. The article according to claim 1 wherein the intermediate layer is composed of a plurality of metal oxide layers.

5. The article according to claim 1 wherein

the intermediate layer is composed of a plurality of metal oxide layers,

the metal oxide layer contacting to the base material is an aluminum oxide layer, and

the metal oxide layer contacting to the surface treating layer is a silicon oxide layer.

6. The article according to claim 1 wherein the article is a housing, a glassframe or a jewelry article.

7. The article according to claim 1 wherein the total thickness of the intermediate layers is 50 nm or less.

8. The article according to claim 1 wherein the total thickness of the intermediate layers is 40 nm or less.

9. The article according to claim 1 wherein the intermediate layer comprises silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.

10. The article according to claim 9 wherein the intermediate layer further comprises zirconium oxide.

11. The article according to claim 1 wherein the fluorine-containing silane compound is one or more compounds of the general formula (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), (C2), (D1) or (D2):

wherein:

PFPE is each independently at each occurrence a group of the formula:

—(OC 4 F 8 ) a —(OC 3 F 6 ) b —(OC 2 F 4 ) c —(OCF 2 ) d —

wherein a, b, c and d are each independently an integer of 0-200, the sum of a, b, c and d is at least one, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript a, b, c or d is not limited in the formula;

Rf is each independently at each occurrence an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

R 1 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-22 carbon atoms;

R 2 is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R 11 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom;

R 12 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

n is, independently per a unit (—SiR 1 n R 2 3-n ), an integer of 0-3;

there is at least one R 2 in the formulae (A1), (A2), (B1) and (B2);

X 1 is each independently a single bond or a 2-10 valent organic group;

X 2 is each independently at each occurrence a single bond or a divalent organic group;

t is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1-10;

α is each independently an integer of 1-9;

α′ is each independently an integer of 1-9;

X 5 is each independently a single bond or a 2-10 valent organic group;

β is each independently an integer of 1-9;

β′ is an integer of 1-9;

X 7 is each independently a single bond or a 2-10 valent organic group;

γ is each independently an integer of 1-9;

γ′ is an integer of 1-9;

R a is each independently at each occurrence —Z—SiR 7 1 pR 7 2 q R 7 3 r ;

Z is each independently at each occurrence an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R 7 1 is each independently at each occurrence R a′ ;

R a′ has the same definition as that of R a ;

in R a , the number of Si atoms which are straightly linked via the Z group is up to five;

R 7 2 is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R 7 3 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

p is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3;

q is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3;

r is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3;

in each —Z—SiR 7 1 p R 7 2 q R 7 3 r , the sum of p, q and r is 3, and there is at least one R 7 2 in the formula (C1) and (C2);

R b is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R c is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

k is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1-3;

l is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-2;

m is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-2;

the sum of k, 1 and m is 3 in each unit in parentheses with the subscript y;

X 9 is each independently a single bond or a 2-10 valent organic group;

δ is each independently an integer of 1-9;

δ′ is an integer of 1-9;

R d is each independently at each occurrence —Z′—CR 8 1 p′ R 8 2 q′ R 8 3 r′ ;

Z′ is each independently at each occurrence an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R 81 is each independently at each occurrence R d′ ;

R d′ has the same definition as that of R d ;

in R d , the number of C atoms which are straightly linked via the Z′ group is up to five;

R 82 is each independently at each occurrence —Y—SiR 85 j R 86 3-j ;

Y is each independently at each occurrence a divalent organic group;

R 85 is each independently at each occurrence a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R 86 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

j is an integer of 1-3 independently per unit —Y—SiR 85 j R 86 3-j ;

R 83 is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

p′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3;

q′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3;

r′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3;

R e is each independently at each occurrence —Y—SiR 85 j R 86 3-j ;

R f is each independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;

k′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3;

l′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3; and

m′ is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 0-3;

with the proviso that in the formula at least one q′ is 2 or 3, or at least one 1′ is 2 or 3.

12. The article according to claim 11 wherein PFPE is each independently a group of the following formulae (a)-(c):

—(OC 3 F 6 ) b —  (a)

in the formula (a), b is an integer of 1-200;

—(OC 4 F 8 ) a —(OC 3 F 6 ) b —(OC 2 F 4 ) c —(OCF 2 ) d —  (b)

in the formula (b), a and b are each independently an integer of 0-30, c and d are each independently an integer of 1-200, the sum of a, b, c and d is an integer of 10-200, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript a, b, c or d is not limited in the formula;

—(R 1 9 -R 1 8 ) n″ —  (c)

in the formula (c), R 1 9 is OCF 2 or OC 2 F 4 , R 1 8 is each independently a group selected from OC 2 F 4 , OC 3 F 6 and OC 4 F 8 , or a combination of 2 or 3 groups independently selected from these groups, and n″ is an integer of 2-100.

13. The article according to claim 11 wherein in PFPE:

—OC 4 F 8 — is —OCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2— ;

—OC 3 F 6 — is —OCF 2 CF 2 CF 2— , and

OC 2 F 4 — is OCF 2 CF 2— .

14. The article according to claim 11 wherein the surface treating agent further comprises one or more components selected from a fluorine-containing oil, a silicone oil and a catalyst.

15. The article according to claim 14 wherein the fluorine containing oil is one or more compounds of the formula (3):

Rf 1 —(OC 4 F 8 ) a′ —(OC 3 F 6 ) b′ —(OC 2 F 4 ) c′ —(OCF 2 )d′RF 2   (3)

wherein:

Rf 1 is an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

Rf 2 is an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom; and

a′, b′, c′ and d′ are the repeating number of each of four repeating units of perfluoropolyether which constitute a main backbone of the polymer, and are each independently an integer of 0-300, the sum of a′, b′, c′ and d′ is 1 or more, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript a′, b′, c′ and d′ is not limited in the formula.

16. The article according to claim 14 wherein the fluorine containing oil is one or more compounds of the formula (3a) or (3b):

Rf 1 —(OCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 ) b″ —Rf 2   (3 a)

Rf 1 —(OCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 ) a″ —(OCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 ) b″ —(OCF 2 CF 2 ) c″ —(OCF 2 ) d″ —Rf 2   (3b)

wherein:

Re 1 is an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

Rf 2 is an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom;

in the formula (3a), b″ is an integer of 1-100;

in the formula (3b), a″ and b″ are each independently an integer of 0-30, and c″ and d″ are each independently an integer of 1-300; and

the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript a″, b″, c″ or d″ is not limited in the formula.

17. A process for producing the article according to claim 1 ,

forming the intermediate layer from one or more metal oxides on the base material of zirconium oxide, and then,

forming the surface treating layer from a surface treating agent comprising a fluorine-containing silane compound on the intermediate layer.

18. The process according to claim 17 wherein the formation of the intermediate layer is performed by forming an aluminum oxide layer on the base material of zirconium oxide, and then forming a silicon oxide layer on the aluminum oxide layer.