Bending method
The present disclosure provides a method for air bending a plate of material such as steel which is characterised by having two bending steps, wherein the bending punch in the second bending step has a smaller radius and/or the die width used in the second bending step is smaller than the die width used in the first bending step. The method of the disclosure can achieve a significant improvement in the bendability of materials, particularly high strength steels. The disclosure also provides new bending apparatus that are specifically adapted to carrying out the method of the disclosure, including a nested double die having a second narrower die residing below and within the first die, and an adjustable die having a height adjustment means (either in the support, bending punch or both) capable of accommodating movement of the material during the adjustment to form the second die width.
1. A method of forming a bend in a plate of metallic material, said method comprising:
air bending the plate of metallic material in a first air bending step by applying a first bending force using a bending punch and a first die having a first die width; then
air bending the plate of metallic material in a second air bending step by applying a second bending force using the bending punch and a second die having a second die width, wherein the first and second bending force are applied at the same point of the plate and in the same direction;
characterised in that the method is performed where:
the second die width is less than the first die width,
wherein a nested double die is used in which the second die resides below and within the first die, the first and second die being aligned such that the planes formed by the die supports of the first and second dies are parallel, and such that the midpoint of the first die and second die lie in the plane traversed by the bending punch during the first and second bending steps,
wherein at the end of the first bending step, the bent metal plate is simultaneously in contact with both the first die and the second die,
wherein the method is performed such that the plate of metallic material does not touch a bottom of the second die.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first die width Wi and the second die width W 2 satisfy the following relationship:
4
W
2
≥
W
1
≥
3
2
W
2
.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein W 1 is from 18 t to 30 t, wherein t is the thickness of the plate being bent.
4. The method of claim 1 , the height difference H between the first and second dies satisfying the following relationship:
0.15
≤
2
H
(
W
1
-
W
2
)
≤
2.2
wherein W 1 is the first die width, and W 2 is the second die width.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein
1.3
≤
H
t
≤
16
wherein H is the height difference between the first and second dies, and t is the thickness of the metallic material being bent.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the strain of the outer fibres of the bend at the end of the first bending step is from 2% to 9%.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a bending angle after the first bending step is from 15° to 120°.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic material has a yield to tensile strength ratio of 0.85 to 1.0, wherein the metallic material is steel.
9. A method of forming a bend in a plate of metallic material, said method comprising:
air bending the plate of metallic material in a first air bending step by applying a first bending force using a bending punch and a first die having a first die width; then
air bending the plate of metallic material in a second air bending step by applying a second bending force using the bending punch and a second die having a second die width, wherein the second die does not have a bottom, wherein the first and second bending force are applied at the same point of the plate and in the same direction;
characterised in that the method is performed where:
the second die width is less than the first die width,
wherein a nested double die is used in which the second die resides below and within the first die, the first and second die being aligned such that the planes formed by the die supports of the first and second dies are parallel, and such that the midpoint of the first die and second die lie in the plane traversed by the bending punch during the first and second bending steps,
wherein at the end of the first bending step, the bent metal plate is simultaneously in contact with both the first die and the second die.
10. A method of forming a bend in a plate of metallic material, said method comprising:
air bending the plate of metallic material in a first air bending step by applying a first bending force using a first bending punch and a first die having a first die width; then
air bending the plate of metallic material in a second air bending step by applying a second bending force using a second bending punch and a second die having a second die width, wherein the first and second bending force are applied at the same point of the plate and in the same direction;
characterised in that the method is performed where:
the second die width is less than the first die width and a radius of the second bending punch is less than a radius of the first bending punch,
wherein a nested double die is used in which the second die resides below and within the first die, the first and second die being aligned such that the planes formed by the die supports of the first and second dies are parallel, and such that the midpoint of the first die and second die lie in the plane traversed by the bending punch during the first and second bending steps,
wherein at the end of the first bending step, the bent metal plate is simultaneously in contact with both the first die and the second die.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first air bending step and the second air bending step comprises a respective three point free bending step.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plate of metallic material has a thickness, wherein the thickness of the plate of metallic material is less than a spacing between the bending punch and the second die at every position of the bending punch.