Control of a wind turbine during recovery after a grid fault
Embodiments of the present invention relate to control of a wind turbine during a recovery period after a grid fault. It is disclosed to operate a wind turbine during the recovery period to determine the actual pitch angle of the rotor blades and the actual wind speed, and based on that determining a desired pitch angle of the rotor blades, as well as a pitch ramp rate so that the actual pitch angle can be brought to match the desired pitch angle before the end of the recovery period. In embodiments, the steps performed in the recovery mode are repeated at intervals during the recovery period.
1. A method for controlling a wind turbine connected to a utility grid, wherein the wind turbine comprises rotor blades, the method comprising:
controlling, responsive to detecting a fault of the utility grid, one or more of the rotor blades in a fault mode; and
within a predefined recovery period after detecting a recovery of the utility grid from the fault:
estimating a wind speed that is expected to occur at the end of the recovery period;
controlling one or more of the rotor blades in a recovery mode, wherein controlling the one or more of the rotor blades in the recovery mode comprises, for each rotor blade of the one or more of the rotor blades:
determining an actual pitch angle of the rotor blade;
determining a desired pitch angle of the rotor blade according to the wind speed, wherein the desired pitch angle is a predefined aerodynamically optimal pitch angle for the wind speed;
determining a pitch ramp rate of the rotor blade so that the actual pitch angle matches the desired pitch angle before an end of the predefined recovery period; and
ramping the pitch angle of the rotor blade according to the pitch ramp rate;
determining a desired output power of the wind turbine according to the wind speed;
determining a power ramp rate of an output power of the wind turbine so that the output power matches the desired output power before the end of the predefined recovery period; and
ramping the output power with the power ramp rate,
wherein the power ramp rate and the pitch ramp rate are determined so that the output power reaches the desired output power at the same time the pitch angle reaches the desired pitch angle.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein determining the actual pitch angle, determining the desired pitch angle, determining the pitch ramp rate, and ramping the pitch angle are repeated at intervals during the recovery period.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wind turbine remains connected to the utility grid during the fault of the utility grid.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the desired pitch angle is a predefined aerodynamically optimal pitch angle for the wind speed.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wind turbine during the recovery period is controlled by use of a power feedback control loop.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the wind turbine is controlled in partial load operation where the wind speed is below a rated wind speed for the wind turbine.
7. A control system for a wind turbine, the control system comprising at least one processor for:
controlling, responsive to detecting a fault of a utility grid to which the wind turbine is connected, rotor blades of the wind turbine in a fault mode; and
within a predefined recovery period after detecting a recovery of the utility grid from the fault:
estimating a wind speed that is expected to occur at the end of the recovery period;
controlling one or more of the rotor blades in a recovery mode, wherein controlling the one or more of the rotor blades in the recovery mode comprises, for each rotor blade of the one or more of the rotor blades:
determining an actual pitch angle of the rotor blade;
determining a desired pitch angle of the rotor blade according to the wind speed, wherein the desired pitch angle is a predefined aerodynamically optimal pitch angle for the wind speed;
determining a pitch ramp rate of the rotor blade so that the actual pitch angle matches the desired pitch angle before an end of the predefined recovery period; and
ramping the pitch angle of the rotor blade according to the pitch ramp rate;
determining a desired output power of the wind turbine according to the wind speed;
determining a power ramp rate of an output power of the wind turbine so that the output power matches the desired output power before the end of the predefined recovery period; and
ramping the output power with the power ramp rate,
wherein the power ramp rate and the pitch ramp rate are determined so that the output power reaches the desired output power at the same time the pitch angle reaches the desired pitch angle.
8. A wind turbine comprising a control system, wherein the control system comprises at least one processor configured to perform an operation comprising:
controlling, responsive to detecting a fault of a utility grid to which the wind turbine is connected, rotor blades of the wind turbine in a fault mode; and
within a predefined recovery period after detecting a recovery of the utility grid from the fault:
estimating a wind speed that is expected to occur at the end of the recovery period;
controlling one or more of the rotor blades in a recovery mode, wherein controlling the one or more of the rotor blades in the recovery mode comprises, for each rotor blade of the one or more of the rotor blades:
determining an actual pitch angle of the rotor blade;
determining a desired pitch angle of the rotor blade according to the wind speed, wherein the desired pitch angle is a predefined aerodynamically optimal pitch angle for the wind speed;
determining a pitch ramp rate of the rotor blade so that the actual pitch angle matches the desired pitch angle before an end of the predefined recovery period; and
ramping the pitch angle of the rotor blade according to the pitch ramp rate;
determining a desired output power of the wind turbine according to the wind speed;
determining a power ramp rate of an output power of the wind turbine so that the output power matches the desired output power before the end of the predefined recovery period; and
ramping the output power with the power ramp rate,
wherein the power ramp rate and the pitch ramp rate are determined so that the output power reaches the desired output power at the same time the pitch angle reaches the desired pitch angle.
9. The wind turbine according to claim 8 , wherein determining the actual pitch angle, determining the desired pitch angle, determining the pitch ramp rate, and ramping the pitch angle are repeated at intervals during the recovery period.
10. The wind turbine according to claim 8 , wherein the wind turbine remains connected to the utility grid during the fault of the utility grid.
11. The wind turbine according to claim 8 , wherein the desired pitch angle is a predefined aerodynamically optimal pitch angle for the wind speed.
12. The wind turbine according to claim 8 , wherein the wind turbine during the recovery period is controlled by use of a power feedback control loop.
13. The wind turbine according to claim 8 , wherein the wind turbine is controlled in partial load operation where the wind speed is below a rated wind speed for the wind turbine.
14. A computer program product comprising software code adapted to, when executed on a data processing system, control a wind turbine according to an operation comprising:
controlling, responsive to detecting a fault of a utility grid to which the wind turbine is connected, rotor blades of the wind turbine in a fault mode; and
within a predefined recovery period after detecting a recovery of the utility grid from the fault:
estimating a wind speed that is expected to occur at the end of the recovery period;
controlling, one or more of the rotor blades in a recovery mode, wherein controlling the one or more of the rotor blades in the recovery mode comprises, for each blade of the one or more of the rotor blades:
determining an actual pitch angle of the rotor blade;
determining a desired pitch angle of the rotor blade according to the wind speed, wherein the desired pitch angle is a predefined aerodynamically optimal pitch angle for the wind speed;
determining a pitch ramp rate of the rotor blade so that the actual pitch angles match the desired pitch angle before an end of the predefined recovery period; and
ramping the pitch angle of the rotor blade according to the pitch ramp rate;
determining a desired output power of the wind turbine according to the wind speed;
determining a power ramp rate of an output power of the wind turbine so that the output power matches the desired output power before the end of the predefined recovery period; and
ramping the output power with the power ramp rate,
wherein the power ramp rate and the pitch ramp rate are determined so that the output power reaches the desired output power at the same time the pitch angle reaches the desired pitch angle.
15. The wind turbine according to claim 14 , wherein determining the actual pitch angle, determining the desired pitch angle, determining the pitch ramp rate, and ramping the pitch angle are repeated at intervals during the recovery period.
16. The wind turbine according to claim 14 , wherein the wind turbine remains connected to the utility grid during the fault of the utility grid.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predefined recovery period is specified by a grid code.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, within the predefined recovery period:
determining a rotor speed; and
ramping the rotor speed according to a rotor speed ramp rate so that the rotor speed matches a desired rotor speed before the end of the predefined recovery period.
19. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
adjusting, responsive to detecting a fault of the utility grid while the wind speed is at least a rated wind speed for the wind turbine, the pitch angles of the rotor blades to maintain a constant rotor speed and to maintain the output power at a power set point.