Dynamic linear adjustable prosthetic

1. A prosthetic lower limb comprising:

a distal end comprising a prosthetic foot;

a proximal end at a distance from the distal end, the prosthetic lower limb defining a length between the distal end and the proximal end;

at least one actuator comprising a linear extension and retraction mechanism configured to extend and retract a segment of the prosthetic lower limb between the proximal end and the distal end and thereby modify the length of the prosthetic lower limb between the distal end and the proximal end, and;

a control system in communication with the at least one actuator, the communication being configured to cyclically modify the length of the prosthetic lower limb through a single gait cycle, the single gait cycle comprising a stance phase and a swing phase, wherein the cyclic modification includes extension of the segment to increase the length of the prosthetic lower limb in preparation for heel strike on a surface, retraction of the segment to decrease the length of the prosthetic lower limb during the stance phase during which the prosthetic foot is in contact with the surface, extension of the segment to increase the length of the prosthetic lower limb at an end of the stance phase that includes immediately prior to and during a loss of contact between the prosthetic foot and the surface, and retraction of the segment to decrease the length of the prosthetic lower limb during the swing phase, wherein all extension and retraction of the segment is under the control of the actuator and the control system.

2. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , wherein the prosthetic lower limb is free of rotational joints.

3. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , wherein the prosthetic lower limb further comprises a rotational joint.

4. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , comprising a first actuator and a second actuator, the first and second actuator being in communication with the control system.

5. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 4 , the first and second actuators being configured to operate antagonistically to one another as well as to extend and contract together to modify the length of the prosthetic lower limb.

6. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , further comprising a spring and/or a shock absorber.

7. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , wherein the prosthesis is a below-knee prosthesis, a through-knee prosthesis, an above-knee prosthesis, a hip disarticulation prosthesis, or a hemipelvectomy prosthesis.

8. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , the prosthetic lower limb further comprising a sensor in communication with the control system.

9. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , the at least one actuator comprising a ballscrew drive, an electric drive, a hydraulic drive, a pneumatic drive, or a mechanical drive.

10. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , the cyclic modification being configured to minimize displacement of a center of gravity of a wearer during the single gait cycle.

11. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , wherein the at least one actuator comprises a telescoping actuator.

12. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , comprising multiple segments configured for cyclic extension and retraction.

13. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , further comprising a locking mechanism configured to temporarily lock the prosthetic lower limb at a selected length.

14. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 8 , wherein the sensor comprises an optical sensing device.

15. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 8 , wherein the sensor comprising an accelerometer.

16. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 8 , wherein the sensor comprises a gyroscope.

17. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 8 , the sensor determining one or more of a distance from a point on the prosthesis to the surface, an angle between the segment of the prosthesis and the surface, walking speed of the prosthesis, or an impact force between the prosthesis and the surface.

18. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 8 , wherein the sensor comprises a force sensor.

19. The prosthetic lower limb of claim 1 , further comprising a passive impact dampener.

20. A method for forming a prosthesis, the method comprising:

placing at least one actuator in communication with a control system;

placing the at least one actuator in communication with a segment of a prosthetic lower limb, the prosthetic lower limb defining a length between a distal end and a proximal end of the prosthetic lower limb, the at least one actuator comprising a linear extension and retraction mechanism;

by use of the control system, configuring the linear extension and retraction mechanism to cyclically and dynamically extend and retract the segment and thereby modify the length of the prosthetic lower limb between the distal end and the proximal end through a single gait cycle, the single gait cycle comprising a stance phase and a swing phase, wherein the cyclic and dynamic modification includes extension of the segment to increase the length of the prosthetic lower limb in preparation for heel strike on a surface, retraction of the segment to decrease the length of the prosthetic lower limb during the stance phase during which a prosthetic foot at the distal end of the prosthetic lower limb is in contact with the surface, extension of the segment to increase the length of the prosthetic lower limb at an end of the stance phase that includes immediately prior to and during a loss of contact between the prosthetic foot and the surface, and retraction of the segment to decrease the length of the prosthetic lower limb during the swing phase; wherein

all extension and retraction of the segment is under the control of the actuator and the control system.

21. The method of claim 20 , the method further comprising placing a spring and/or a shock absorber on/in the prosthesis.

22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the prosthesis is a below-knee prosthesis, a through-knee prosthesis, an above-knee prosthesis, a hip disarticulation prosthesis, or a hemipelvectomy prosthesis.