Method of establishing predetermined viscosities when recycling polyester waste
The aim is to refine a method of establishing a predetermined viscosity when recycling polyester wastes having inherently different viscosities in such a way that the desired final material has the appropriate viscosity after a fairly short time, and with little energy consumption, and the color of the melt is also to be influenceable. To this end, it is proposed that the polyester wastes are melted in a first zone ( 9 ) of an extruder ( 1 ) and the polyester wastes, due to the moisture introduced with them, undergo hydrolytic degradation, in a second zone ( 11 ) of the extruder ( 1 ) polycondensation takes place and hydrolytic degradation is counteracted and equalization of the viscosity differences is started, in a third zone ( 13 ) of the extruder ( 1 ) a solvent such as water or alcohol is added such that hydrolytic and/or glycolytic degradation of the melt take(s) place and result(s) in uniform viscosity of the melt, in a fourth zone ( 14 ) of the extruder ( 1 ) active mixing of the melt takes place and the melt is transferred from the extruder ( 1 ) into a polycondensation reactor ( 6 ), and the final desired viscosity of the melt is set in the polycondensation reactor ( 6 ).
1. A method of establishing a predetermined viscosity when recycling polyester wastes having inherently different viscosities, the method comprising the steps of:
melting moist polyester wastes in a first zone of a four-zone extruder such that, due to the moisture, the polyester wastes undergo hydrolytic degradation;
maintaining a water content in the first zone at least at 0.1%;
polycondensing the melted and hydrolytically degraded polyester wastes in a second zone of the extruder such that the hydrolytic degradation is counteracted and equalization of the viscosity differences is started;
in a third zone of the extruder adding solvent such that hydrolytic and/or glycolytic degradation of the melt take place and result in uniform viscosity of the melt,
in a fourth zone of the extruder actively mixing of the melted and polycondensed polyester wastes;
transferring the melt from the fourth zone of the extruder into a polycondensation reactor; and
setting the final desired viscosity of the melt in the polycondensation reactor.
2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
filtering the melted polyester wastes at an outlet of the extruder; and
determining an intrinsic viscosity of the filtered melted polyester wastes by ascertaining the viscosity of the melted polyester wastes prior to entering the polycondensation reactor and/or after exiting the polycondensation reactor.
3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising the step of:
using the determined viscosity for controlling the supplying of solvent and/or the pressure difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure at the polycondensation extruder and/or polycondensation reactor.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
determining a yellow index of the melt downstream from the extruder and/or downstream from the polycondensation reactor in a flow direction, and
setting an H 2 O content in the first zone of the extruder and/or in the third zone of the extruder as a function of the determined yellow indices.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the yellow index is determined by an optical measuring method.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
limiting a moisture content in the first zone to between 0.1% and 1%.
7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
limiting a moisture content in the first zone to between 0.3% and 1.5%.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
maintaining in the second zone a partial vacuum of between 2 mbar and 40 mbar.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
maintaining in the second zone a partial vacuum of between 0.1 mbar and 20 mbar.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
maintaining in the polycondensation reactor a partial vacuum of between 0.5 mbar and 10 mbar.