Process for producing diene polymers
The invention describes a process for producing a diene polymer, the process including the following steps in this order i) polymerizing one or more diene monomers in the presence of a catalyst composition to give a reaction mixture; ii) adding to the reaction mixture one or more alkoxysilane compounds; iii) adding S 2 Cl 2 , SCl 2 , SOCl 2 , S 2 Br 2 , SOBr 2 or a mixture thereof to the reaction mixture; and iv) optionally adding a protic agent to the reaction mixture so as to deactivate the catalyst. The invention further includes polymers that are obtainable according to this process, as well as products including the polymer.
1. A diene polymer prepared by a process, comprising:
i) polymerizing one or more diene monomers in the presence of a catalyst composition to give a reaction mixture; wherein the catalyst composition comprises one or more of a carboxylate, an alkyl phosphate, an alkyl phosphite, an alcoholate, an amide and a hydrocarbyl compound of a rare earth element having an atomic number of 57 to 71 in the periodic table, and at least one activator compound, or a reaction product of the at least one activator compound and the carboxylate, alkyl phosphate, alkyl phosphite, alcoholate, amide and/or hydrocarbyl compound of the rare earth element;
ii) adding to the reaction mixture one or more alkoxysilane compounds selected from the compounds represented by the following formulae (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4) and (A5):
((R 1 O) q (R 2 ) r Si) s (A1)
wherein in formula (A1): Si is silicon and O is oxygen;
s is an integer selected from 1 and 2;
with the proviso that if s is 1, then q is an integer selected from 2, 3 and 4; r is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2; and q+r=4;
and if s is 2, then q is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3; r is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2; and q+r=3;
((R 3 O) t (R 4 ) u Si) 2 O (A2)
wherein in formula (A2): Si and O are as defined above;
t is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3;
u is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2;
and t+u=3;
(R 5 O) w (R 6 ) x Si—R 7 —S—SiR 8 3 (A3)
wherein in formula (A3): Si and O are as defined above, and S is sulfur;
w is an integer selected from 2 and 3;
x is an integer selected from 0 and 1;
and w+x=3;
(R 9 O) y (R 10 ) z Si—R 11 —N(SiR 12 3 ) 2 (A4)
wherein in formula (A4): Si and O are as defined above, and N is nitrogen;
y is an integer selected from 2 and 3;
z is an integer selected from 0 and 1;
and y+z=3;
(Si(OR 13 ) 3 ) 2 (Si(OR 14 ) 2 ) p (A5)
wherein in formula (A5): Si and O are as defined above;
p is an integer selected from 1 to 10;
and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 in the above formulae (A1) to (A5) independently are selected from: (C 6 -C 21 ) aryl, (C 7 -C 22 ) alkylaryl and (C 1 -C 16 ) alkyl; and R 7 and R 11 in formulae (A3) and (A4) independently are a divalent (C 6 -C 21 ) aryl group, a divalent (C 7 -C 22 ) alkylaryl group, or a divalent (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene group;
iii) adding S 2 Cl 2 , SCl 2 , S 2 Br 2 , SOBr 2 or a mixture thereof to the reaction mixture; and
iv) optionally adding a protic agent to the reaction mixture so as to deactivate the catalyst.
2. The diene polymer of claim 1 , further comprising a polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of from 1.0 to 3.0.
3. A product comprising the diene polymer of claim 1 .
4. The product of claim 3 , wherein the product is a tire tread or a tire side wall.
5. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 in formulae (A1) to (A5) are independently selected from C 1-8 alkyl groups.
6. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein groups R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 9 , R 13 and R 14 in formulae (A1) to (A5) are independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl groups.
7. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth element is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, praseodymium, cerium, neodymium, gadolinium, dysprosium, and any combination thereof.
8. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises a neodymium carboxylate.
9. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein the activator compound comprises dialkylaluminum hydride according to general formula (A6) and a Lewis acid:
R 15 2 AlH (A6)
wherein both groups R 15 in formula (A6) are independently selected from C 1-10 alkyl groups.
10. The diene polymer of claim 9 , wherein the Lewis acid is an alkyl aluminum chloride selected from alkyl aluminum sesquichloride, dialkyl aluminum chloride and alkyl aluminum dichloride.
11. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein S 2 Cl 2 , SCl 2 , S 2 Br 2 , SOBr 2 or the mixture thereof is added in an amount of less than 0.05 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of diene polymer.
12. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein the one or more alkoxysilane compounds are selected from the compounds represented by formulae (A1), (A2), (A3) and (A4).
13. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein the one or more alkoxysilane compounds are selected from the compounds represented by formulae (A1) and (A3).
14. The diene polymer of claim 1 , wherein the one or more alkoxysilane compounds are selected from (CH 3 O) 4 Si, ((CH 3 O) 3 Si) 2 and (CH 3 O) 3 Si—(CH 2 ) 3 —S—Si(CH 3 ) 2 C(CH 3 ) 3 .
15. A composition comprising the diene polymer of claim 1 and a filler.
16. The composition of claim 15 wherein the filler comprises at least one of carbon black, silica, carbon-silica dual-phase filler, clay, layered silicates, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, lignin, carbon nano-tubes, amorphous fillers, glass particle based fillers, starch based fillers, or combinations.
17. A composition comprising the diene polymer of claim 1 and a solution made styrene butadiene copolymer (SSBR).
18. A composition comprising the diene polymer of claim 1 , a SSBR, and a filler.
19. The composition of claim 18 wherein the filler comprises at least one of carbon black, silica, carbon-silica dual-phase filler, clay, layered silicates, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, lignin, carbon nano-tubes, amorphous fillers, glass particle based fillers, starch based fillers, or combinations.