Flexible high-density mapping catheter
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to flexible high-density mapping catheters with a planar array of high-density mapping electrodes near a distal tip portion. These mapping catheters may be used to detect electrophysiological characteristics of tissue in contact with the electrodes, and may be used to diagnose cardiac conditions, such as cardiac arrhythmias for example.
1. A planar array catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter shaft including a proximal end and a distal end, and defining a catheter longitudinal axis extending between the proximal and distal ends; and
a flexible, planar array at the distal end of the catheter shaft, the planar array configured to conform to tissue, and includes two or more arms extending substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis and lying in a plane, each of the arms having a plurality of electrodes mounted thereon; and
wherein the plurality of electrodes are equally spaced along both a length of each arm and across adjacent arms.
2. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to sample electrical characteristics of contacted tissue in at least two substantially transverse directions.
3. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the plurality of electrodes are spot electrodes and one or more of the arms include flexible electronic circuit boards that are communicatively and mechanically coupled to the plurality of electrodes.
4. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , wherein the center-to-center distance between adjacent electrodes of the plurality of electrodes is between 0.1 and 4 millimeters.
5. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to collect electrical characteristics of the tissue in contact with the planar array catheter, and the collected electrical characteristics of the tissue are independent of the orientation of the planar array catheter relative to the tissue.
6. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to sample electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue, and the samples are collectively indicative of the true electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue independent of the orientation of the planar array catheter relative to the tissue.
7. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , wherein the planar array includes at least 4 arms, and each arm includes at least 4 electrodes.
8. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , wherein the planar array includes bipole electrode pairs that extend along and across adjacent arms of the planar array.
9. The planar array catheter of claim 8 , wherein the bipole electrode pairs are configured to sample electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue, and the samples are collectively indicative of the true electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue independent of the orientation of the planar array catheter relative to the tissue.
10. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , wherein the planar array includes bipole electrode pairs that extend diagonally across adjacent arms of the planar array.
11. The planar array catheter of claim 10 , wherein the bipole electrode pairs are configured to sample electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue, and the samples are collectively indicative of the true electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue independent of the orientation of the planar array catheter relative to the tissue.
12. The planar array catheter of claim 1 , further including a longitudinally-extending fluid delivery lumen fluidly coupled to a source of irrigant, and configured to deliver the irrigant to the planar array.
13. An electrophysiology mapping system comprising:
a planar array catheter including a catheter shaft, and a flexible, planar array coupled to a distal end of the catheter shaft, the planar array configured to conform to tissue, and includes two or more arms extending substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis and lying in a plane, each of the arms having a plurality of electrodes mounted thereon,
the plurality of electrodes are equally spaced along a length of each arm and across adjacent arms; and
controller circuitry communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of electrodes, and configured to sample electrical signals received from each of the plurality of electrodes.
14. The electrophysiology mapping system of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to sample electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue, and the controller circuitry is further configured to process through the sampled electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue through an OIS/OT algorithm, and to determine the true electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue independent of the orientation of the planar array catheter relative to the contacted tissue.
15. The electrophysiology mapping system of claim 13 , wherein the planar array includes at least 4 arms, and each arm includes at least 4 electrodes.
16. The electrophysiology mapping system of claim 13 , wherein the controller circuitry is further configured to sample the electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue across a first set of bipole electrode pairs that extend in a first direction relative to the contacted tissue, and a second set of bipole electrode pairs that extend in a second direction relative to the contacted tissue that is substantially orthogonal to the first set of bipole electrode pairs.
17. The electrophysiology mapping system of claim 16 wherein the controller circuitry is further configured to process the sampled electrical characteristics from the first and the second set of bipole electrodes through an OIS/OT algorithm, and to determine the true electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue independent of the orientation of the first and second set of bipole electrodes relative to the contacted tissue.
18. The electrophysiology mapping system of claim 13 , wherein the planar array includes bipole electrode pairs that extend diagonally across adjacent arms of the planar array.
19. The electrophysiology mapping system of claim 13 , wherein the center-to-center distance between adjacent electrodes of the plurality of electrodes is between 0.1 and 4 millimeters.
20. The electrophysiology mapping system of claim 13 , further including a display communicatively coupled to the controller circuitry, and configured to display at least one of an electrophysiology map, or electrical signal, indicative of one or more electrical characteristics of the contacted tissue, where the one or more electrical signals are independent of the orientation of the planar array catheter relative to the contacted tissue.