Bio-based fire retardant derived from polyacrylamide grafted starch and use thereof
A bio-based fire retardant derived from polyacrylamide grafted starch and use thereof. This disclosure relates to the field of polymer additives for improving fire safety of materials. Specifically, the present disclosure is bio-based material derived from polyacrylamide grafted starch as fire retardants to polymers. Moreover, the disclosure relates to their uses in the fields of coating, adhesive, etc.
1. A compound characterized by the following general formula [I]:
wherein:
n is 100-10000;
ST is starch;
R 1 is selected from the group consisting of
wherein m is 100-5000,
R 3 is selected from the group consisting of NH 3 , and
wherein R 4 is selected from the group consisting of —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 —CH 3 , and
wherein X is selected from the group consisting of NH 4 + , Na + , and K + ,
R 2 is selected from the group consisting of
wherein m is 100-5000,
R 5 is selected from the group consisting of NH 3 ,
wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 —CH 3 , and
wherein X is selected from the group consisting of NH 4 + , Na + , and K + .
2. A method for preparing the compound of claim 1 , comprising:
providing a solvent comprising water and, optionally, an organic solvent;
adding polyacrylamide grafted starch and a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium polyphosphate, glycidylpropyltrimethoxysilane, H 3 PO 4 , and 3-(hydroxyphenylphosphinyl)-propanoic acid to the solvent;
stirring under N 2 to form a mixture,
heating the mixture to 40-80° C. for 2 to 6 h such that the polyacrylamide grafted starch and the compound react to form a solid product;
cooling the mixture down to room temperature;
filtering the solid product from the mixture, cleaned, and dried in a vacuum oven at 80° C. for 12 h.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the organic solvent is ethanol or acetone.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of organic solvent to water ratio is 0-0.1:1.
6. A fire retardant compound, formulation, and/or composite comprising the compound according to claim 1 .
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is NH 3 .
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 5 is NH 3 .
9. A fire retardant formulation comprising:
the compound of claim 1 ; and
one or more additives and/or polymers.
10. The fire retardant formulation of claim 9 , wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of nanoclay, metal oxides, talc, Mg(OH) 2 , ammonium polyphosphate, Al(OH) 3 , intumescent flame retardants and Sb 2 O 3 .
11. The fire retardant formulation of claim 9 , wherein the polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polylactic acid, epoxy, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyimide.