Digital signal processor
Provided, among other things, is an apparatus for digitally processing a discrete-time signal that includes: an input line for accepting an input signal, processing branches coupled to the input line, and an adder coupled to outputs of the processing branches. First and second lowpass filters, each having a frequency response with a magnitude that varies approximately with frequency according to a product of raised functions, are included within baseband processors in such processing branches.
1. An apparatus for digitally processing a discrete-time signal, comprising:
an input line for accepting an input signal;
a plurality of processing branches coupled to the input line, each of said processing branches including: (a) a branch input coupled to the input line and inputting input samples that are discrete in time and value; (b) a downconverter, having an input coupled to the branch input, that uses sine and cosine sequences to convert an intermediate-frequency input into complex-valued data samples represented by quadrature baseband and in-phase baseband outputs, (c) a first baseband processor coupled to the quadrature baseband output of the downconverter; (d) a second baseband processor coupled to the in-phase baseband output of the downconverter; and (e) a quadrature upconverter that uses sine and cosine sequences to convert complex-valued data samples represented by baseband outputs of the first and second baseband processors into an intermediate-frequency output; and
an adder coupled to outputs of the plurality of processing branches,
wherein different ones of the plurality of processing branches operate at different intermediate frequencies,
wherein each of said baseband processors includes: (a) a first lowpass filter coupled to an output of the downconverter, and (b) a second lowpass filter having an input coupled to an output of the first lowpass filter,
wherein at least one of said first baseband processor and said second baseband processor includes a resampler, having an input and an output, and
wherein a first signal at the input of said resampler and a second signal at the output of said resampler are different discrete-time versions of an underlying continuous-time signal, with the second signal differing in at least one of an effective sampling phase or an effective sampling rate, relative to the first signal.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a combination of said first and second lowpass filters produces a frequency response with a magnitude that varies approximately with frequency according to a product of raised sin(x)/x functions.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein for at least one of said first and second lowpass filters, at least one of said sin(x)/x functions is raised to a power that is equal to one.
4. An apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein for at least one of said first and second lowpass filters, at least one of said sin(x)/x functions is raised to a power that is greater than one.
5. An apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the frequency response of at least one of said first and second lowpass filters has a magnitude that varies approximately with frequency according to the product of a raised sin(x 1 )/x 1 function and a raised sin(x 2 )/x 2 , where x 1 ≠x 2 .
6. An apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein x 1 ≥2x 2 .
7. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said quadrature upconverter utilizes a quadrature multiplier to shift baseband outputs of said first and second lowpass filters to a center frequency other than zero hertz, and wherein the outputs of said first and second lowpass filters are combined to form a real output signal.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said quadrature upconverter utilizes a complex multiplier to shift baseband outputs of said first and second lowpass filters to a center frequency other than zero hertz, and wherein the outputs of said first and second lowpass filters are combined to form a complex output signal represented by in-phase and quadrature components.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said downconverter utilizes a quadrature multiplier to convert a real-valued input signal into a baseband output having in-phase and quadrature components.
10. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said downconverter utilizes a complex multiplier to convert a complex-valued input signal, represented by in-phase and quadrature components, into a baseband output having in-phase and quadrature components.
11. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said resampler performs a polynomial interpolation function which, according to a variable interpolant value, fabricates an estimated data sample from actual data samples.
12. An apparatus according to according to claim 11 , wherein said polynomial interpolation function is based on a second-order function.
13. An apparatus according to according to claim 11 , wherein said polynomial interpolation function is based on a first-order function.
14. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said resampler performs a phase rotation function, which, in an amount based on a variable interpolant value, modulates the phase of complex-valued data samples originating from the quadrature downconverter.
15. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first lowpass filter and the second lowpass filter in at least one of the baseband processors incorporates a moving-average operation.
16. An apparatus according to according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said processing branches includes an equalizer, having at least one complex tap, that corrects for at least one of a phase or gain offset that occurs among said processing branches.
17. An apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein the equalizer has plural complex taps.
18. An apparatus according to according to claim 1 , wherein the sine and cosine sequences used by the downconverter and the quadrature upconverter in at least one of the processing branches are generated using a direct digital synthesis method that employs digital accumulators and phase lookup tables.
19. An apparatus according to according to claim 1 , wherein the sine and cosine sequences used by the downconverter and the quadrature upconverter in at least one of the processing branches are generated using recursive operations.
20. An apparatus according to according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the sine and cosine sequences used by at least one of the downconverter and the quadrature upconverter is adjustable in at least one of amplitude or phase.
21. An apparatus according to according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of processing branches operate at center frequencies that are spaced at equal frequency intervals.
22. An apparatus according to according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of processing branches operate at center frequencies that are spaced at non-equal frequency intervals.
23. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a downsampling circuit and an upsampling circuit coupled between the output of the first lowpass filter and the input of the second lowpass filter.
24. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising both a downsampling circuit and an upsampling circuit coupled between the output of the first lowpass filter and the input of the second lowpass filter.
25. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the resampler performs quadrature interpolation using a rotation matrix multiplier.
26. An apparatus according to claim 25 , wherein rotation matrix multiplier is incorporated into the quadrature upconverter by altering at least one of the sine and cosine sequences used by said quadrature upconverter.
27. An apparatus for digitally processing a discrete-time signal, comprising:
an input line for accepting an input signal;
a plurality of processing branches coupled to the input line, each of said processing branches including: (a) a branch input coupled to the input line and inputting input samples that are discrete in time and value; (b) a downconverter, having an input coupled to the branch input, that uses sine and cosine sequences to convert an intermediate-frequency input into complex-valued data samples represented by quadrature baseband and in-phase baseband outputs, (c) a first baseband processor coupled to the quadrature baseband output of the downconverter; (d) a second baseband processor coupled to the in-phase baseband output of the downconverter; and (e) a quadrature upconverter that uses sine and cosine sequences to convert complex-valued data samples represented by baseband outputs of the first and second baseband processors into an intermediate-frequency output; and
an adder coupled to outputs of the plurality of processing branches,
wherein different ones of the plurality of processing branches operate at different intermediate frequencies,
wherein each of said baseband processors includes: (a) a first lowpass filter coupled to an output of the downconverter, and (b) a second lowpass filter having an input coupled to an output of the first lowpass filter,
wherein at least one of said processing branches includes an equalizer that corrects for at least one of a phase or gain offset that occurs among said processing branches, and
wherein a combination of said first and second lowpass filters produces a frequency response with a magnitude that varies approximately with frequency according to a product of raised sin(x)/x functions.
28. An apparatus according to claim 27 , wherein the equalizer has at least one complex tap.
29. An apparatus according to claim 27 , wherein the equalizer is incorporated into at least one of the downconverter or the quadrature upconverter by altering at least one of the sine and cosine sequences used by said at least one of the downconverter or the quadrature upconverter.