Electrophoretic dispersion including charged pigment particles, uncharged additive nanoparticles, and uncharged neutral density particles
The present invention is directed to an electrophoretic dispersion comprising charged pigment particles, in particular, an electrophoretic dispersion including both uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles and uncharged or lightly charged additive particles. The combination improves the performance of an electrophoretic display, in particular the color state stability over time.
1. An electrophoretic dispersion comprising:
a solvent or solvent mixture;
two different species of charged pigment particles having opposite charge polarities, wherein each species has a different color, and wherein each species of charged pigment particles has an average diameter between 50 nm and 1 μm;
uncharged or lightly charged additive particles having an average diameter between 10 nm and 250 nm and being present in the electrophoretic dispersion at a concentration between 5% and 40% by volume of the electrophoretic dispersion; and
uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles having an average diameter between 100 nm and 5 μm and being present in the electrophoretic dispersion at a concentration between 0.3% and 20% by weight of electrophoretic dispersion.
2. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the additive particles is between 5% and 30% by volume of the electrophoretic dispersion.
3. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the additive particles are formed from a polymer, metal, or metal oxide.
4. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the additive particles are formed from polystyrene, poly(2-vinylnapthalene), poly(methyl methacrylate), titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, silver, or gold.
5. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles comprise a polymeric material.
6. The dispersion of claim 5 , wherein the uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles are formed from polyacrylate, poly(methacrylate), polystyrene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polysiloxane.
7. The dispersion of claim 5 , wherein the uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles are formed from poly(pentabromophenyl methacrylate), poly(2-vinylnapthalene), poly(naphthyl methacrylate), poly(alpha-methystyrene), poly(N-benzyl methacrylamide), or poly(benzyl methacrylate).
8. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index of the uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles is different from that of the solvent or solvent mixture of the electrophoretic dispersion.
9. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the average diameter of the additive particles is smaller than the average diameter of the neutral buoyancy particles.
10. The dispersion of claim 1 , further comprising a charge control agent.
11. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles are white.