Power conditioning unit with voltage converters
A power conditioning unit for delivering power from a power source to a mains utility supply, the power conditioning unit comprising a plurality of input terminals for connecting to the power source, a plurality of output terminals for connecting to the mains utility supply, a voltage increasing converter connected to the input terminals, a voltage reducing converter connected to the voltage increasing converter and a dc-to-ac converter connected to the voltage reducing converter and to the output terminals.
1. A power conditioning unit for delivering power received from a DC power source to an AC grid, the power conditioning unit comprising:
a DC-DC converter including an input connected to the DC power source;
a current injection circuit coupled to an output of the DC-DC converter and including a switch coupled in series with an inductor;
a DC-AC converter including an input coupled to the current injection circuit and an output coupled to the AC grid;
a control circuit coupled to the current injection circuit and comprising:
a synchronization circuit that receives input from the AC grid and (1) synchronizes the DC-AC converter to the AC grid and (2) generates rectified sinusoidal voltage synchronized to the AC grid;
a microcontroller that generates a constant voltage that is multiplied with the rectified sinusoidal voltage to generate a sinusoidal reference current; and
a comparator that compares the sinusoidal reference current to a current flowing through the inductor and turns on and off the switch in response to a difference between the sinusoidal reference current and the current flowing through the inductor.
2. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 wherein the comparator turns the switch on when the current flowing through the inductor is lower than the sinusoidal reference current.
3. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 further comprising a DC link coupled to an output of the DC-DC converter.
4. The power conditioning unit of claim 3 , wherein the DC link includes a filter that prevents a flow of high frequency components in current and voltage.
5. The power conditioning unit of claim 3 wherein the DC link functions as an energy storage component in the DC-DC converter and as a current smoothing inductor in the DC-AC converter.
6. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 wherein the switch is controlled in synchronization with the sinusoidal reference current.
7. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 further comprising a reference current generating circuit uses a digital to analog converter and a look up table that comprises a rectified sinusoid waveform.
8. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 , wherein the DC-AC converter comprises a plurality of transistors and a plurality of protection diodes so that the protection diodes prevent current flow in a reverse direction in the plurality of transistors.
9. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 , wherein the DC-DC converter uses an open loop control algorithm.
10. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 , wherein the current injection circuit controls power transferred to the AC grid using current mode control.
11. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 , wherein the switch is a transistor.
12. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 , wherein the comparator compares an instantaneous value of the sinusoidal reference current with an instantaneous value of the current flowing through the inductor and controls the switch to regulate sinusoidal current injection by a current source inverter into the AC grid.
13. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 further comprising a buffer coupled to an output of the comparator.
14. The power conditioning unit of claim 13 wherein the buffer operates a greater frequency than a frequency of the AC grid.
15. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 wherein the synchronization circuit includes a phase-lock-loop to synchronize waveforms.