Control of conductivity in anaerobic fermentation
Process are provided which are effective for controlling medium conductivity during fermentation of a CO-containing gaseous substrate while providing an STY of about 10 g ethanol/(L·day) or more. The process includes balancing medium conductivity, specific carbon uptake or cell density levels.
1. A process for fermenting a CO-containing gaseous substrate to produce ethanol comprising:
(a) providing a CO-containing gaseous substrate to a fermentation medium;
(b) contacting the resultant CO-containing fermentation medium of step (a) with one or more acetogenic bacteria to form a mixture;
(c) fermenting the mixture of step (b);
(d) measuring the specific feed rate of the CO-containing gaseous substrate and the conductivity of the mixture of step c);
(e) providing the CO-containing gaseous substrate to the mixture to maintain a conductivity (y) to specific gas feed rate (x) of the CO-containing gaseous substrate according to a formula where y=−6.0327x+12.901 where the conductivity is about 30 mS/cm or less, until reaching a target cell density of the one or more acetogenic bacteria, wherein x is about 0.2 to about 07 mmole/minute/gram of cells of the acetogenic bacteria;
maintaining a cell density of the one or more acetogenic bacteria above a target cell density; and
obtaining ethanol;
wherein the process is effective for maintaining a space time yield (STY) of about 10 g ethanol/(L-day) or more.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the target cell density is about 3 to about 30 g/L.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the process is effective for maintaining an H 2 conversion of about 25% or more.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the process is effective for maintaining a CO uptake in a range of about 0.001 to about 10 mmole/minute/gram of dry cells of the one or more acetogenic bacteria.
5. The fermentation process of claim 1 wherein the CO containing, gaseous substrate has a CO/CO 2 ratio of about 0.75 or more.
6. The fermentation process of claim 1 wherein the one or more acetogenic bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Acetogenium kivui, Acetoanaerobium noterae, Acetobacterium woodii, Blautia producta, Butyribacterium methylotmphicum, Caldanaerobacter subterraneous, Caldanaerobaeter subterraneous pacificus, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans, Clostridium aceticum, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium autoethanogenum, Clostridium coskatii (ATCC PTA-10522), Clostridium drakei, Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC (ATCC 49587), Clostridium ljungdahlii ERI2 (ATCC 55380), Clostridium ljungdahlii C-01 (ATCC 55988), Clostridium ljungdahlii O-52 (ATCC 55889), Clostridium magnum, Clostridium pasteurianum (DSM 525 of DSMZ Germany), Clostridium ragsdali Pit (ATCC BAA-622), Clostridium scatologenes, Clostridium thermoaceticum, Clostridium ultunense, Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii, Eubacterium limosum, Geobacter sulfurreducens, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanosarcina barkeri, Morrella thermoacetica, Morrella thermoautotrophica, Oxobacter pfennigii, Peptostreptococcus productus, Ruminococcus productus and Thermoamerobacter kivui.