Method for predicting the onset of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) induced by an antipsychotic-based treatment

1. A method for differentiating between a high risk and a low risk of a human subject developing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) induced by an antipsychotic-based treatment and then treating the human subject with a suitable antipsychotic treatment, the method comprising:

(a) determining via a genotyping assay performed on a genetic material isolated from the human subject whether the human subject has an allelic combination with respect to the rs1130214, rs456998, rs7211818, and rs1053639 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as set forth in Haplotypes A-S or an allelic combination with respect to the rs1130214, rs456998, rs7211818, and rs1053639 SNPs as set forth in Haplotypes 1-27, wherein an allelic combination with respect to the rs1130214, rs456998, rs7211818, and rs1053639 SNPs as set forth in Haplotypes A-S is indicative of a high risk of the human subject developing EPS and an allelic combination with respect to the rs1130214, rs456998, rs7211818, and rs1053639 SNPs as set forth in Haplotypes 1-27 is indicative of a low risk of the human subject developing EPS, and further wherein Haplotypes A-S and 1-27 are defined as follows:

Haplotype A is G/T at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/G at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype B is G/T at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/G at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype C is G/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype D is G/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype E is G/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype F is G/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype G is G/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; G/G at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype H is G/G at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype I is G/G at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype J is G/G at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype K is G/G at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; G/G at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype L is G/G at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/G at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype M is G/G at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype N is G/G at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; G/G at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 0 is T/T at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/G at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype P is T/T at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype Q is T/T at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/G at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype R is T/T at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype S is T/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 1 is G/T at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 2 is G/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 3 is G/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 4 is G/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/G at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 5 is G/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/G at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 6 is G/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/G at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 7 is G/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 8 is G/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 9 is G/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 10 is G/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; G/G at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 11 is G/G at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 12 is G/G at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 13 is G/G at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 14 is G/G at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 15 is G/G at rs11302141; T/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 16 is G/G at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 17 is G/G at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 18 is G/G at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 19 is G/G at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; NG at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 20 is G/G at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 21 is G/G at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 22 is G/G at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; G/G at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 23 is T/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 24 is T/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639;

Haplotype 25 is T/T at rs11302141; G/G at rs456998; G/G at rs7211818; A/A at rs1053639;

Haplotype 26 is T/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; T/T at rs1053639; and

Haplotype 27 is T/T at rs11302141; G/T at rs456998; A/A at rs7211818; A/T at rs1053639; and

(b) administering a suitable anti-psychotic therapy to the human subject, wherein the suitable anti-psychotic therapy is a low dopaminergic receptor D2 (DRD2) blockade potency anti-psychotic therapy if the human subject has one of Haplotypes A-S, which is indicative of a high risk of the human subject developing EPS, and is a medium or high DRD2 blockade potency anti-psychotic therapy if the human subject has one of Haplotypes 1-27, which is indicative of a low risk of the human subject developing EPS.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining allelic combinations comprises identifying what nucleotide or nucleotides are present at position 27 of each of SEQ ID NOs: 1-4 in the genetic material isolated from the human subject.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the identifying comprises determining whether the genetic material isolated from the human subject includes a guanine, a thymine/uracil, or both a guanine and a thymine/uracil at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 1; a guanine, a thymine/uracil, or both a guanine and a thymine/uracil at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 2; a guanine, an adenine, or both at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 3; and an adenine, a thymine/uracil, or both an adenine and a thymine/uracil at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 4.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining comprises:

(a) performing a nucleic acid based detection assay on the genetic material to detect the presence of a G and/or a T allele at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 1, a G and/or a T allele at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 2, an A and/or a G allele at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and an A and/or a T allele at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 4; and

(b) generating an EPS haplotype for the human subject consisting of the allele or alleles present at each of SNPs rs1130214, rs456998, rs7211818, and rs1053639.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the genetic material is selected from the group consisting of genomic DNA (gDNA), complementary DNA (cDNA), heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), and mRNA, or any combination thereof.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining is performed using DNA or RNA probes suitable for determining sequences of the rs1130214, rs456998, rs7211818 and rs1053639 SNPs in the genetic material isolated from the human subject.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining step comprises amplifying the sequences that include the rs1130214, rs456998, rs7211818, and rs1053639 SNPs to produce a plurality of amplified products and determining the nucleotide sequences of the plurality of amplified products in order to determine what nucleotide or nucleotides are present at position 27 of each of SEQ ID NOs: 1-4 in the genetic material.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining step comprises:

(a) employing at least one oligonucleotide that specifically anneals to a target nucleotide sequence, if present, selected from the group consisting of:

(i) an AKT1 gene product that has a guanine at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 1;

(ii) an AKT1 gene product that has a thymine or a uracil at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 1;

(iii) a FCHSD1 gene product that has a guanine at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

(iv) a FCHSD1 gene product that has a thymine or a uracil at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 2;

(v) a RPTOR gene product that has a guanine at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 3;

(vi) a RPTOR gene product that has an adenine at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 3;

(vii) a DDIT4 gene product that has an adenine at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 4; and

(viii) a DDIT4 gene product that has a thymine or uracil at position 27 of SEQ ID NO: 4; and

(b) determining which of oligonucleotides (i)-(viii) specifically bind to its target nucleotide sequence,

thereby determining allelic combinations for the rs1130214, rs456998, rs7211818, and rs1053639 SNPs present in the sample.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the human subject has one of Haplotypes A-S and the method further comprises administering an adjuvant antiparkinsonian to the human subject in addition to the low DRD2 blockade potency anti-psychotic therapy.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the adjuvant antiparkinsonian is selected from the group consisting of a dopaminergic precursor, a selective monoamine oxidase b inhibitor, a catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor, a dopamine receptor agonist, and an anticholinergic.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the adjuvant antiparkinsonian is an anticholinergic.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the anticholinergic is selected from the group consisting of benztropine, ipratropium, oxitropium, tiotropium, glycopyrrolate, oxybutinin, tolterodine, chlorphenamine, diphenhydram in, dimenhydrinate, bupropion, hexamethonium, tubocurarine, dextromethorphan, mecamylamine, and doxacurium.