Sandwich panel with a ductile hybrid core comprising tubular reinforcements
A hybrid core comprising a matrix and tubular structural reinforcements, such as a ductile matrix core reinforced with ductile hollow tubes, as well as panels which comprise such hybrid core. Embodiments of the invention manifest resistance to both interfacial debonding and ballistic penetration.
1. A hybrid core for structural sandwich panels, the hybrid core comprising:
at least one ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element forming a structural reinforcement layer, where the at least one ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element has, when measured at room temperature, an elastic modulus within a range of 1-1000 GPa; an ultimate tensile strength within a range of 1-1000 MPa; and an elongation at break of 3-100%; and
a ductile matrix disposed about the at least one ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element, where the ductile matrix has, when measured at room temperature, an elastic modulus within a range of 1.5-350 GPa; an ultimate tensile strength within a range of 25-350 MPa; and an elongation at break of 3-200%.
2. The hybrid core of claim 1 comprising a plurality of ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements including the at least one ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element, the plurality of ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements forming at least two structural reinforcement layers.
3. The hybrid core of claim 2 wherein each structural reinforcement layer comprises ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements that are substantially unidirectional with ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements in an adjacent structural reinforcement layer.
4. The hybrid core of claim 2 wherein each structural reinforcement layer comprises ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements that are substantially perpendicular to ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements in an adjacent structural reinforcement layer.
5. The hybrid core of claim 4 wherein the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements of each structural reinforcement layer comprise ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements that are interwoven with ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements of an adjacent structural reinforcement layer.
6. The hybrid core of claim 4 wherein the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements comprise pairs of indentations on opposite sides of the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements, and the indentations in a first side of the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements of a structural reinforcement layer are interposed with indentations in a second side of the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements of an adjacent structural reinforcement layer.
7. A sandwich panel comprising:
a hybrid core which comprises:
a ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element forming a structural reinforcement layer, where the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element has, when measured at room temperature, an elastic modulus within a range of 1-1000 GPa; an ultimate tensile strength within a range of 1-1000 MPa; and an elongation at break of 3-100%;
a ductile matrix disposed about the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element, where the ductile matrix has, when measured at room temperature, an elastic modulus within a range of 1.5-350 GPa; an ultimate tensile strength within a range of 25-350 MPa; and an elongation at break of 3-200%; and
a face sheet disposed on a side of the hybrid core.
8. The sandwich panel of claim 7 wherein the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element has a longitudinal dimension, and the longitudinal dimension is parallel with a surface plane of the face sheet.
9. The sandwich panel of claim 7 wherein the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element is a continuous millitube.
10. The sandwich panel of claim 7 wherein the hybrid core comprises a plurality of ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements.
11. The sandwich panel of claim 10 wherein the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements are present in at least two structural reinforcement layers.
12. The sandwich panel of claim 11 wherein each structural reinforcement layer comprises ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements that are substantially unidirectional with ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements in an adjacent structural reinforcement layer.
13. The sandwich panel of claim 11 wherein each structural reinforcement layer comprises ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements that are substantially perpendicular to ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements in an adjacent structural reinforcement layer.
14. The sandwich panel of claim 11 wherein the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements of each structural reinforcement layer are interwoven with the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural elements of an adjacent structural reinforcement layer.
15. The sandwich panel of claim 7 , wherein the face sheet comprises a laminated composite.
16. The sandwich panel of claim 7 , wherein the face sheet comprises a composite plate including a laminated carbon fiber reinforced polymer, ceramic chips, or a carbon nanotube enhanced FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) plate.
17. The sandwich panel of claim 7 wherein the ductile, hollow metallic tubular structural element comprises a microtube with an outer diameter in a range from a micron to three mm.