Modular electrode tool for improved hydraulic fracture diagnostics
Systems and methods for assessing physical properties of a geological formation are disclosed. The systems and methods may use electrodes that include two conductive portions separated by an isolation gap positioned along a casing in a wellbore in the formation. The electrodes may be sequentially energized to provide excitation stimulus into the formation while the remaining, non-energized electrodes may substantially simultaneously receive excitation responses to the excitation stimulus from the formation. The excitation responses may be assessed to determine one or more physical properties of fractures in the formation.
1. A method for assessing one or more properties of a geological formation, comprising:
energizing a first electrode, the first electrode being part of a casing in a wellbore in the formation, wherein the first electrode comprises two conductive portions that are electrically separated, wherein energizing the first electrode provides an excitation stimulus into the formation;
receiving, in a plurality of second electrodes, excitation responses from the formation, the excitation responses being responses to the excitation stimulus, wherein the second electrodes are part of the casing in the wellbore in the formation, and wherein at least one of the second electrodes comprises two conductive portions that are electrically separated; and
assessing the excitation responses to determine one or more physical properties of at least one fracture in the formation, the at least one fracture being propped with conductive proppant that is electrically connected to the first electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two conductive portions in the first electrode are electrically separated by an isolation gap in the casing.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrodes form an array of electrodes in the casing in the wellbore.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
energizing at least one of the second electrodes, wherein energizing the at least one second electrode provides an excitation stimulus into the formation;
receiving, in the remaining second electrodes and the first electrode, excitation responses from the formation, the excitation responses being responses to the excitation stimulus; and
assessing the excitation responses to determine one or more physical properties of at least one additional fracture in the formation, the at least one additional fracture being propped with conductive proppant that is electrically connected to the at least one energized second electrode.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising sequentially energizing each of the remaining second electrodes while substantially simultaneously receiving, in the non-energized second electrodes and the first electrode, excitation responses from the formation, and assessing one or more physical properties of a fractured volume of the formation based on the received excitation responses.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising assessing the excitation responses using one or more circuit modules located in at least one of the second electrodes.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising storing the assessed excitation responses in one or more memories located in at least one of the second electrodes.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising providing power to the circuit modules using batteries positioned in at least one of the second electrodes.
9. The method of claim 6 , further comprising providing power to the circuit modules using a rechargeable energy source positioned in at least one of the second electrodes.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising providing a recharging device from a surface of the formation into the wellbore to selectively recharge the rechargeable energy source in one or more of the second electrodes.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein assessing the excitation responses comprises operating at least one of a numerical simulation or an inversion algorithm to determine the one or more physical properties of the at least one fracture in the formation.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing an electrode driver into the wellbore to energize the first electrode.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the electrode driver is movable within the casing to position the electrode driver at or near the first electrode.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising receiving the excitation responses from the second electrodes in one or more receiver modules coupled to the electrode driver.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising assessing the excitation responses using one or more circuit modules located in the electrode driver.
16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising storing the assessed excitation responses in one or more memories located in the electrode driver.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a device into the casing to retrieve the assessed excitation responses from the second electrodes.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using through-the-earth wireless communication to provide the assessed excitation responses to a surface location.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a unique identifier in the excitation stimulus, the unique identifier identifying the energized first electrode providing the excitation stimulus.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the unique identifier is received in the excitation responses received by the second electrodes.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising associating the unique identifier with the assessed excitation responses.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising assessing temperature and/or pressure in the wellbore using one or more sensors coupled to at least one of the first or second electrodes.
23. A system configured to assess one or more properties of a geological formation, comprising:
a casing in a wellbore in the formation, the casing comprising a plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode comprises two conductive portions that are electrically separated, and wherein each electrode is positioned at or near a fracturing point in the wellbore; and
an electrode driver configured to be moved within the casing, wherein the electrode driver is configured to energize an electrode when the electrode driver is positioned at or near the electrode;
wherein the electrodes are configured to be sequentially energized to provide excitation stimulus into the formation while substantially simultaneously receiving, in non-energized electrodes, excitation responses to the excitation stimulus from the formation; and
wherein the system is configured to assess one or more physical properties of a fractured volume of the formation based on the received excitation responses.
24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the two conductive portions in the electrodes are electrically separated by an isolation gap.
25. The system of claim 23 , wherein the electrodes are evenly spaced along a length of the casing.
26. The system of claim 23 , wherein each electrode comprises a transceiver module positioned in at least one of the conductive portions, and wherein the transceiver module is configured to receive the excitation responses.
27. The system of claim 23 , further comprising one or more receiver modules coupled to the electrode driver, the receiver modules being configured to receive the excitation responses and transmit the excitation responses to the electrode driver.