Porous cyclodextrin polymeric materials and methods of making and using same
A nucleophilic substitution reaction to crosslink cyclodextrin (CD) polymer with rigid aromatic groups, providing a high surface area, mesoporous CD-containing polymers (P-CDPs). The P-CDPs can be used for removing organic contaminants from water. By encapsulating pollutants to form well-defined host-guest complexes with complementary selectivities to activated carbon (AC) sorbents. The P-CDPs can rapidly sequester pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic micropollutants, achieving equilibrium binding capacity in seconds with adsorption rate constants 15-200 times greater than ACs and nonporous CD sorbents. The CD polymer can be regenerated several times, through a room temperature washing procedure, with no loss in performance.
1. A method of sequestering a flavorant compound from a beverage, comprising:
contacting the beverage with a mesoporous polymeric material comprising one or more cyclodextrins crosslinked with at least an equimolar amount of one or more aryl fluorides, wherein the aryl fluoride is an aryl fluoride of formula (I):
wherein L is Aryl, —S(O) 2 —, —C(O)—,
and
wherein each Y is independently H, F, CF 3 , SO 3 H, or NO 2 , with the proviso that n=0-5 and at least one of Y are F; or
any aryl fluoride of formula (II):
wherein R 1 is F or CN;
R 2 is F, CN or NO 2 ; and
wherein each R 3 is independently H, F, or Cl, with the proviso that at least 2 of R 1 , R 2 , or R 3 is F; or
an aryl fluoride of formula (III):
wherein L is aryl;
X is O or S;
each R 4 is independently F or CF 3 ; and
each R 5 is independently F or NO 2 , with the proviso that at least 2 of R 4 and R 5 are F; or an aryl fluoride of formula (IV):
wherein each Y is independently H, F, Cl, CF 3 , SO 3 H, or NO 2 , with the proviso that n=0-5 and at least 2 of Y are F.
2. A method of sequestering a flavorant compound from a beverage comprising:
contacting the beverage with a mesoporous polymeric material comprising one or more cyclodextrins crosslinked with at least an equimolar amount of one or more aryl fluorides, wherein the aryl fluoride is selected from the group consisting of decafluorobiphenyl, octafluoronaphthalene, and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aryl fluoride comprises tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aryl fluoride comprises decafluorobiphenyl.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aryl fluoride comprises octafluoronaphthalene.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cyclodextrin is β-cyclodextrin.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beverage is a fruit juice.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fruit juice is orange juice.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting is for a time sufficient to substantially remove the flavorant from the beverage.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flavorant is a compound that impacts the palatability of the beverage.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the flavorant is a compound that impacts the palatability of the beverage.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the beverage is a fruit juice.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the flavorant is a compound that impacts the palatability of the beverage.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flavorant is a volatile organic compound.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the flavorant is a volatile organic compound.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the beverage is a fruit juice.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the flavorant is a compound that impacts the palatability of the beverage.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the beverage is orange juice.