Passive and active techniques for people-counting
Disclosed herein is a people-counting system that counts people in a given area based on the signals that are emitted by the respective people's mobile devices, such as cell phones. In order to count passively, the system receives and analyzes network probes transmitted by the wireless devices and correlates groups of fake machine identifiers in order to identify a given device. Where this passive approach is unsuccessful, or determined low certainty, an active approach involving data layer packets such as: CTS/RTS, authentication and dissociation packets. Device's response or lack thereof is analyzed to provide further accuracy to a local device count.
1. A method of identifying a mobile device via wireless communication comprising:
passively receiving, by a network sensor, network probes from mobile devices;
grouping, by the network sensor, network probes that include matching device capabilities and neighboring sequence numbers;
transmitting channel request packets to a fake machine identifier as indicated in the network probes;
recording a first response to the channel request packets;
generating, metadata associated with the grouping of network probes based on the first response and
isolating, by the sensor, a mobile device based on the grouping of network probes and said metadata.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
performing any of:
transmitting an authentication packet to the fake machine identifier; or
transmitting a disassociation packet to the fake machine identifier;
recording a second response to either of the authentication or disassociation packets; and
updating, the metadata based on the second response.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining what packets to transmit to the fake machine identifier amongst authentication or disassociation packets is determined by any of:
device capabilities specified in network probes associated with the fake machine identifier; or
the first response.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metadata includes a real machine identifier.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metadata includes a pattern of generation of fake machine identifiers by the mobile device.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein neighboring sequence numbers are determined as those within a threshold distance of one another.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein neighboring sequence numbers are determined as those sequence numbers that are arranged consecutively.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
transmitting packets to machine identifiers indicated in the network probes based on the device capabilities indicated in corresponding network probes.
9. A system for identifying a mobile device via wireless communication comprising:
a wireless transceiver configured to passively receive network probes from mobile devices, wherein the wireless transceiver is further configured to transmit channel request packets to a fake machine identifier as indicated in the network probes and to detect and record a first response to the channel request packets and to generate metadata associated with the grouping of network probes based on the first response and the identification of a mobile device is further based on said metadata; and
a wireless communications component configured to group network probes that include matching device capabilities and neighboring sequence numbers and identifying a mobile device based on the grouping of network probes.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the wireless transceiver is further configured to transmit any of an authentication packet or a disassociation packet to the fake machine identifier and detect and record a second response to either of the authentication or disassociation packets and wherein the wireless communications component is further configured to update the metadata based on the second response.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein determining what packets to transmit to the fake machine identifier amongst authentication or disassociation packets is determined by any of:
device capabilities specified in network probes associated with the fake machine identifier; or
the first response.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the metadata includes a real machine identifier.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the metadata includes a pattern of generation of fake machine identifiers by the mobile device.
14. A method to identify a mobile device seeking wireless networks comprising:
receiving, by a sensor, network probes emitted by local mobile devices including multiple imitation MAC addresses;
transmitting channel request packets to imitation MAC addresses as indicated in the network probes;
identifying a make and a model of the mobile device based on the network probes;
correlating network probes having a same make and model based on a sequence number of the network probes;
recording first responses to the channel request packets associated with each of the corresponding imitation MAC addresses to which channel request packets are transmitted to;
generating, metadata associated with each of the correlated groups of network probes based on the first response; and
identifying a number of mobile devices within range of the sensor based on a number of correlated groups of network probes and said metadata.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
performing any of:
transmitting an authentication packet to the imitation MAC addresses; or
transmitting a disassociation packet to the imitation MAC addresses;
recording second responses to either of the authentication or disassociation packets associated with each of the corresponding imitation MAC addresses to which authentication or disassociation packets are transmitted to; and
updating, the metadata based on the second responses.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein determining what packets to transmit to the imitation MAC addresses amongst authentication or disassociation packets is determined by any of:
device capabilities specified in network probes associated with a corresponding imitation MAC addresses; or
the first responses.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the metadata includes a real MAC address.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the metadata includes a pattern of generation of imitation MAC addresses by the local mobile devices.