Electrode assembly for measurement of platelet function in whole blood
A platelet impedance measurement system including an electrode assembly allows for measurement of platelet function in blood. The assembly includes a substrate that acts as a substantially rigid base and includes an electrode. A portion of the electrode is exposed such that, when the electrode is placed in blood, the exposed portion is in contact with the blood for measuring impedance changes as platelets adhere to the electrode. Wires of the electrode can be attached to each end of the substrate and can run within a groove along a portion of the substrate. The substrate includes an open area where the wires in the groove exit and re-enter the substrate at the end of the substrate, allowing the wires to be exposed to the blood. The open area includes a brace, ensuring that the exposed wires are held in the appropriate placement relative to each other and to the cuvette.
1. An electrode assembly to perform an impedance measurement in a liquid sample, the electrode assembly comprising:
an electrode; and
a substantially rigid substrate that secures a position of the electrode, the substrate comprising a brace, the brace having a top part and a bottom part separated by an opening extending through the electrode assembly that exposes an unsupported region of the electrode on all sides of a supported region of the electrode, the brace fixing the electrode to the substrate on sides of the opening at the top part of the brace and at the bottom part of the brace such that, when the electrode assembly is placed in the liquid sample, an exposed region of the electrode contacts the liquid sample.
2. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is comprised of a rigid plastic.
3. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the electrode comprises a plurality of wires.
4. The electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein a top portion of the substrate has a section having a width greater than a width of a bottom portion of the substrate, wherein the wires run parallel to each other and a fixed distance from each other vertically along the substrate, and wherein the wires run away from each other at the section of the of the substrate having the greater width.
5. The electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein a bottom portion of the substrate is off-center relative to a top portion of the substrate.
6. The electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein a top portion of the substrate is adapted to rest on or contact an edge of a container holding the liquid sample so that the brace can be submerged in the liquid sample, and wherein a bottom portion of the substrate is positioned such that the exposed region is off center within the container relative to a center vertical axis of the container, the wires being positioned perpendicular to a flow of the liquid.
7. The electrode assembly of claim 6 , wherein a portion of the electrode is sealed such that only the exposed portion of the electrode contacts the liquid sample in the container.
8. The electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the brace forms a C- or L-shaped section that fixes the plurality of wires of the electrodes in position such that the wires are parallel to each other.
9. The electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the brace comprises:
a bracing arm that extends substantially vertically away from a lowermost part of a bottom portion of the substrate;
a securing base that extends substantially horizontally away from the bracing arm, the securing base securing an end of the plurality of wires of the electrode to the bottom part of the brace of the substrate.
10. The electrode assembly of claim 3 , wherein the wires are attached to the electrode assembly by an attachment member.
11. The electrode assembly of claim 10 , wherein the attachment member comprises one of glue, adhesive tape, a heat stake, or an ultrasonic weld.
12. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the substantially rigid substrate comprises a single layer substrate.
13. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the liquid sample comprises a blood sample.
14. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the electrode comprises palladium-coated copper.
15. A platelet impedance measurement system, the system comprising:
a sample holder for holding a liquid sample; and
an electrode assembly configured to couple with the sample holder to position a portion of the electrode assembly within the liquid sample in the sample holder, wherein the electrode assembly comprises:
en electrode; and
a substantially rigid substrate that secures a position of the electrode, the substantially rigid substrate comprising a brace having a top part and a bottom part separated by an opening extending through the electrode assembly that exposes an unsupported region of the electrode on all sides of a supported region of the electrode, the brace fixing the electrode to the substantially rigid substrate on sides of the opening at the top part of the brace and the bottom part of the brace such that, when the electrode assembly is placed in the liquid sample, the exposed unsupported region of the electrode contacts the liquid sample, wherein the electrode is attached to the substantially rigid substrate by an attachment member.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the attachment member comprises one of glue, adhesive tape, a heat stake, or ultrasonic weld.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein a portion of the electrode is sealed such that only the exposed region of the electrode contacts the liquid sample in the sample holder.
18. The system of claim 15 , the sample holder comprises one of a cuvette, a test tube, or a flask.
19. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a mixer comprising a stir bar, a rotor, or a stir bar and a rotor.
20. The electrode assembly of claim 15 , wherein the electrode comprises a plurality of wires.