Compositions containing tannic acids and uses thereof
Compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions or medical food compositions) comprising tannic acids, particularly tannic acids which are D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor with superior potency, purity and safety profile; and uses thereof for treating CNS disorder and obesity disorders including diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia or hypercholesterolemia.
1. A composition, comprising (i) a mixture of tannic acids or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a carrier, wherein the composition contains less than 5% of tannic acids having less than four galloyl moieties, wherein the carrier comprises silicon dioxide and benzoic acid.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein ≥98% of the tannic acids in the composition have 4-12 galloyl moieties.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein ≥97% of the tannic acids in the composition have 5-12 galloyl moieties.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein ≥90% of the tannic acids in the composition have 6-12 galloyl moieties.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein ≥60% of the tannic acids in the composition have 8-12 galloyl moieties.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein in the composition, about 10-20% of the tannic acids have 5 galloyl moieties, about 15-25% of the tannic acids have 6-7 galloyl moieties, and about 55-65% of the tannic acids have 8-12 galloyl moieties.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a pharmaceutical composition, a nutraceutical composition, a health food, or a medical food.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the composition is a tablet, a capsule, a soft chew, or gel.
9. A method for inhibiting D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the composition of claim 1 .
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the subject is a human patient having, suspected of having, or at risk for a central nervous system (CNS) disorder or a disorder associated with obesity.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the human patient has, suspected of having, or at risk for a CNS disorder, which is selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, senile dementia, mild cognitive impairment, benign forgetfulness, closed head injury, autistic spectrum disorder, Asperger's disorder, fragile X syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, attention deficit disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, tic disorders, childhood learning disorders, premenstrual syndrome, depression, major depressive disorder, anhedonia, suicidal ideation and/or behaviors, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic mild and unpredictable stress, eating disorders, addiction disorders, personality disorders, Parkinson's disorder, Huntington's disorder, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Tourette's syndrome, nocturnal enuresis, non-epileptic seizures, blepharospasm, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, stroke, chronic pain, neuropathic pain including hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic polyneuropathy, and chronic pain syndromes.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the human patient has, suspected of having, or at risk for a disorder associated with obesity, which is selected from the group consisting of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, stroke, coronary heart disease, heart attack, congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, hypertension, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, hyperuricemia, hypothyroidism, osteoarthritis, gallstones, infertility, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructed pulmonary disease, and asthma.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the human patient has, suspected of having, or at risk for a disorder associated with obesity, which is an obesity disorder selected from the group consisting of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the subject is administered the composition at a frequency of three times a day to one time every two months.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the subject is treated concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to one or more additional pharmaceutical agents for treating the CNS disorder, or the disorder associated with obesity.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition contains less than 1% of tannic acids having less than four galloyl moieties.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of tannic acids is prepared by a process comprising extracting tannic acids from a plant source and removing tannic acids having less than four galloyl moieties.