Methods and arrangements for vehicle-to-vehicle communications
Logic may implement protocols and procedures for vehicle-to-vehicle communications for platooning. Logic may implement a communications topology to distinguish time-critical communications from non-time-critical communications. Logic may sign time-critical communications with a message authentication code (MAC) algorithm with a hash function such as Keccak MAC or a Cipher-based MAC. Logic may generate a MAC based on pairwise, symmetric keys to sign the time-critical communications. Logic may sign non-time-critical communications with a digital signature. Logic may encrypt non-time-critical communications. Logic may append a certificate to non-time-critical communications. Logic may append a header to messages to create data packets and may include a packet type to identify time-critical communications. Logic may decode and verify the time-critical messages with a pairwise symmetric key. And logic may prioritize time-critical communications to meet a specified latency.
1. An apparatus to perform vehicle-to-vehicle communications for a platoon, the apparatus comprising:
a physical layer device; and
circuitry coupled to the physical layer device, the circuitry to:
receive information about longitudinal and lateral motion of a first vehicle to transmit to a second vehicle, the first vehicle, the second vehicle, and a third vehicle to participate in the platoon;
generate a data packet comprising the information;
generate a first message authentication code (MAC) for the data packet with a first cryptographic key, wherein the first cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications to and decrypt communications from the second vehicle;
generate a second MAC for the data packet with a second cryptographic key, wherein the second cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications to and decrypt communications from the third vehicle, the second cryptographic key different from the first cryptographic key;
append the first MAC and the second MAC to the data packet; and
transmit, via the physical layer device, the data packet with the first MAC and the second MAC to the second vehicle,
wherein the second vehicle to use the first MAC to authenticate the data packet and the third vehicle to use the second MAC to authenticate the data packet.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a processor, a memory coupled with the processor, a radio coupled with the physical layer device, and one or more antennas coupled with the radio to transmit an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) modulated signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry is configured to receive a second data packet with a third MAC from the second vehicle signed with a third cryptographic key, wherein the third cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications that can be decrypted with the first cryptographic key.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first MAC comprises a Keccak message authentication code (KMAC).
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the first MAC comprises an SHA3-256 MAC.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first MAC comprises a hash of a concatenation of the first cryptographic key and the data packet.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the information is received periodically, comprises longitudinal and lateral motion information, and is associated with an end-to-end latency requirement.
8. A method to perform vehicle-to-vehicle communications for a platoon, the method comprising:
receiving, by circuitry, information about longitudinal and lateral motion of a first vehicle participating in the platoon to transmit to a second vehicle participating in the platoon, the platoon comprising the first vehicle, the second vehicle, and a third vehicle;
generating, by the circuitry, a data packet comprising the information;
generating, by the circuitry, a first message authentication code (MAC) for the data packet with a first cryptographic key, wherein the first cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications to and decrypt communications from the second vehicle;
generating a second MAC for the data packet with a second cryptographic key, wherein the second cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications to and decrypt communications from the third vehicle, the second cryptographic key different from the first cryptographic key;
appending the first MAC and the second MAC to the data packet; and
transmitting, by a physical layer device, the data packet with the first MAC and the second MAC to the second vehicle,
wherein the second vehicle to use the first MAC to authenticate the data packet and the third vehicle to use the second MAC to authenticate the data packet.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising receiving a second data packet with a third MAC from the second vehicle signed with a third cryptographic key, wherein the third cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications that can be decrypted with the first cryptographic key.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising decoding, by the circuitry, a second data packet from the second vehicle, the circuitry to decode a header of the second data packet to determine if a packet type in the header indicates a platoon task and to determine if a vehicle ID in the header indicates a vehicle participating in the platoon that communicates with the first vehicle in accordance with a communication topology associated with the platoon.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first MAC comprises a Keccak message authentication code (KMAC).
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first MAC comprises a hash of a concatenation of the first cryptographic key and the data packet.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the information is received periodically, comprises longitudinal and lateral motion information, and is associated with an end-to-end latency requirement.
14. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor of a vehicle in a platoon, cause the processor to:
receive information about longitudinal and lateral motion of a first vehicle participating in the platoon to transmit to a second vehicle participating in the platoon, the first vehicle, the second vehicle, and a third vehicle to participate in the platoon;
generate a data packet comprising the information;
generate a first message authentication code (MAC) for the data packet and a first cryptographic key, wherein the first cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications to and decrypt communications from the second vehicle;
generate a second MAC for the data packet with a second cryptographic key, wherein the second cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications to and decrypt communications from the third vehicle, the second cryptographic key different from the first cryptographic key;
append the first MAC and the second MAC to the data packet; and
output the data packet with the first MAC and the second MAC to a physical layer device to transmit to the second vehicle,
wherein the second vehicle to use the first MAC to authenticate the data packet and the third vehicle to use the second MAC to authenticate the data packet.
15. The computer program product of claim 14 , comprising instructions that when executed by the processor further cause the processor to receive a second data packet with a third MAC from the second vehicle signed with a third cryptographic key, wherein the third cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications that can be decrypted with the first cryptographic key.
16. The computer program product of claim 14 , wherein the first MAC comprises a hash of a concatenation of the first cryptographic key and the data packet.
17. The computer program product of claim 14 , wherein the information comprises sensor data about an acceleration of the first vehicle, a heading of the first vehicle, a driving space of the first vehicle, or a combination thereof.
18. A system to perform vehicle-to-vehicle communications for a platoon, the system comprising:
a physical layer device;
circuitry coupled to the physical layer device, the circuitry to:
receive information about longitudinal and lateral motion of a first vehicle to transmit to a second vehicle, the first vehicle, the second vehicle, and a third vehicle to participate in the platoon;
generate a data packet comprising the information;
generate a first message authentication code (MAC) for the data packet and a first cryptographic key, wherein the first cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications to and decrypt communications from the second vehicle;
generate a second MAC for the data packet with a second cryptographic key, wherein the second cryptographic key is a symmetric encryption key configured to encrypt communications to and decrypt communications from the third vehicle, the second cryptographic key different from the first cryptographic key;
append the first MAC and the second MAC to the data packet; and
transmit, via the physical layer device, the data packet with the first MAC and the second MAC to the second vehicle;
a radio coupled with the physical layer device; and
one or more antennas coupled with the radio,
wherein the second vehicle to use the first MAC to authenticate the data packet and the third vehicle to use the second MAC to authenticate the data packet.
19. The system of claim 18 , further comprising a processor, a memory coupled with the processor.
20. The system of claim 18 , wherein the MAC comprises an SHA3-256 MAC.
21. The system of claim 18 , wherein the information comprises a heading, an acceleration, an elevation, a steering wheel angle, a brake system status, a traction control status, a transmission state, a stability control status, a heading speed, or a combination thereof for the first vehicle.