Process for producing a chlorinated C3-6 alkane
Disclosed is a process for producing a chlorinated C3-6 alkane comprising providing a reaction mixture comprising an alkene and carbon tetrachloride in a principal alkylation zone to produce chlorinated C3-6 alkane in the reaction mixture, and extracting a portion of the reaction mixture from the principal alkylation zone, wherein: a) the concentration of the chlorinated C3-6 alkane in the reaction mixture in the principal alkylation zone is maintained at a level such that the molar ratio of chlorinated C3-6 alkane:carbon tetrachloride in the reaction mixture extracted from the alkylation zone does not exceed 95:5 when the principal alkylation zone is in continuous operation; and/or b) the reaction mixture extracted from the principal alkylation zone additionally comprises alkene and the reaction mixture is subjected to a dealkenation step in which at least about 50% or more by weight of the alkene present in the reaction mixture is extracted therefrom and at least about 50% of the extracted alkene is fed back into the reaction mixture provided in the principal alkylation zone; and/or c) the reaction mixture present in the principal alkylation zone and extracted from the principal alkylation zone additionally comprises a catalyst, and the reaction mixture extracted from the principal alkylation zone is subjected to an aqueous treatment step in which the reaction mixture is contacted with an aqueous medium in an aqueous treatment zone, a biphasic mixture is formed and an organic phase comprising catalyst is extracted from the biphasic mixture.
1. A process for producing a chlorinated C 3-6 alkane comprising the steps of providing a reaction mixture comprising an alkene and carbon tetrachloride in an alkylation zone to produce chlorinated C 3-6 alkane in the reaction mixture, and extracting a portion of the reaction mixture from the alkylation zone, wherein:
the reaction mixture present in the alkylation zone and extracted from the alkylation zone additionally comprises a catalyst, and the reaction mixture extracted from the alkylation zone is subjected to an aqueous treatment step in which the reaction mixture is contacted with diluted hydrochloric acid in an aqueous treatment zone, a biphasic mixture is formed and an organic phase comprising catalyst is extracted from the biphasic mixture.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkene is ethene, propene, and/or chlorinated propene.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the C 3-6 alkane is 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a metallic catalyst, optionally further comprising an organic ligand.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the organic ligand is an alkylphosphate.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkylation zone is operated at a temperature of about 30° C. to about 160° C.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkylation zone is operated at a temperature of about 80° C. to about 120° C.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the majority of the chlorinated C 3-6 alkane present in the reaction mixture fed into the aqueous treatment zone is extracted from the mixture formed in the aqueous treatment zone, optionally by distillation.
9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of feeding carbon tetrachloride and/or the chlorinated C 3-6 alkane into the aqueous treatment zone.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biphasic mixture is formed in the aqueous treatment zone.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic phase is extracted from the biphasic mixture by sequential phase separation.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic phase extracted from the biphasic mixture is recycled to the alkylation zone.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein steam is fed into the aqueous treatment zone and/or is formed in situ by boiling water present in the aqueous treatment zone to produce a gaseous mixture comprising chlorinated C 3-6 alkane and water vapour from which the chlorinated C 3-6 alkane can be distilled.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the product chlorinated C 3-6 alkane comprises:
about 99.0% or more of the chlorinated alkane,
less than about 2000 ppm of oxygenated organic compounds,
less than about 1000 ppm of water,
less than about 500 ppm of metallic catalyst,
or any combination thereof.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein the C 3-6 chloroalkane is 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane.
16. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the alkylphosphate is triethylphosphate, tributylphosphate, or any combination thereof.