Polycrystalline diamond compacts and related methods
Embodiments of the invention relate to polycrystalline diamond compacts (“PDCs”) and methods of fabricating polycrystalline diamond tables and PDCs in a manner that facilitates removal of metal-solvent catalyst used in the manufacture of polycrystalline diamond tables of such PDCs.
1. A subterranean drill bit, comprising:
a bit body; and
a plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts affixed to the bit body, at least one of the plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts, including:
a substrate including cemented carbide; and
a polycrystalline diamond table including a working surface and an opposing interfacial surface bonded to the substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including bonded diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the polycrystalline diamond table further including:
a first volume extending inwardly from the working surface;
a second volume extending inwardly from the interfacial surface;
a metal-solvent catalyst material disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions;
at least one sacrificial material disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes a material separate from and different than that of the metal-solvent catalyst material;
wherein an average particle size of the at least one sacrificial material is about 10 nm to about 10 μm;
wherein the at least one sacrificial material is present in the first volume and the second volume in a pre-leaching concentration of greater than 0 weight % to about 5 weight % of the first volume and the second volume;
wherein the first volume exhibits a concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst material of less than 0.85 weight % of the first volume after leaching the first volume; and
wherein the second volume includes the pre-leaching concentration of the at least one sacrificial material, after leaching the first volume.
2. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst material in the first volume is about 0.20 weight % to about 0.50 weight % of the first volume after leaching.
3. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst material of the first volume is about 0.50 weight % to about 0.78 weight % of the first volume after leaching.
4. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the metal-solvent catalyst material includes at least one of iron, nickel, or cobalt.
5. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes tungsten carbide.
6. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the first volume extends to a depth of about 50 μm to about 500 μm from the working surface.
7. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the first volume extends to a depth of at least about 200 μm from the working surface.
8. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein:
the at least one sacrificial material includes a plurality of sacrificial particles, at least one reaction product of the plurality of diamond grains and the plurality of sacrificial particles, or combinations thereof.
9. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body, the bit body including a plurality of pockets; and
a plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts affixed to the bit body in the plurality of pockets, at least one of the plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts, including:
a substrate including cemented carbide; and
a polycrystalline diamond table including a working surface and an opposing interfacial surface bonded to the substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including bonded diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the polycrystalline diamond table further including:
a first volume extending inwardly from the working surface;
a second volume extending inwardly from the interfacial surface;
a metal-solvent catalyst material disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions;
at least one sacrificial material disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes a material separate from and different than that of the metal-solvent catalyst material;
wherein an average particle size of the at least one sacrificial material is about 10 nm to about 10 μm;
wherein the at least one sacrificial material is present in the first volume and the second volume in a pre-leaching concentration of greater than 0 weight % to about 5 weight % of the first volume and the second volume;
wherein the first volume exhibits a concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst material of less than 0.85 weight % of the first volume after leaching the first volume; and
wherein the second volume includes the pre-leaching concentration of the at least one sacrificial material after leaching the first volume.
10. The rotary drill bit of claim 9 wherein the metal-solvent catalyst material includes at least one of iron, nickel, or cobalt.
11. The rotary drill bit of claim 9 wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes tungsten carbide.
12. The rotary drill bit of claim 9 wherein the first volume extends to a depth of at least about 200 μm from the working surface.
13. The rotary drill bit of claim 9 further comprising a braze material affixing at least some of the plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts to the bit body.
14. A rotary drill bit, comprising:
a bit body, the bit body including a plurality of pockets; and
a plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts each of which is affixed to the bit body in a corresponding one of the plurality of pockets, at least one of the plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts, including:
a substrate including cemented carbide; and
a polycrystalline diamond table including a working surface and an opposing interfacial surface directly bonded to the substrate, the polycrystalline diamond table including bonded diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions, the polycrystalline diamond table further including:
a first volume of the polycrystalline diamond table including the bonded diamond grains extending inwardly from the working surface;
a second volume of the polycrystalline diamond table including the bonded diamond grains extending inwardly from the interfacial surface;
a metal-solvent catalyst material disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, wherein the metal-solvent catalyst material includes at least one of iron, nickel, or cobalt;
at least one sacrificial material disposed in at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions, wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes a material separate from and different than that of the metal-solvent catalyst material, the at least one sacrificial material including a plurality of sacrificial particles, at least one reaction product of the plurality of diamond grains and the plurality of sacrificial particles, or combinations thereof;
wherein an average particle size of the at least one sacrificial material is about 10 nm to about 10 μm;
wherein the at least one sacrificial material is present in the first volume and the second volume of the polycrystalline diamond table in a pre-leaching concentration of greater than 0 weight % to about 5 weight % of the first volume and the second volume prior to leaching the first volume;
wherein the first volume exhibits a post-leaching concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst material of less than 0.85 weight % of the first volume; and
wherein the second volume includes the pre-leaching concentration of the at least one sacrificial material, after leaching the first volume.
15. The rotary drill bit of claim 14 wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes tungsten carbide.
16. The rotary drill bit of claim 14 wherein the concentration of the metal-solvent catalyst material of the first volume is about 0.20 wt % to about 0.75 wt % of the first volume after leaching.
17. The rotary drill bit of claim 14 wherein the first volume extends to a depth of about 50 μm to about 500 μm from the working surface.
18. The rotary drill bit of claim 14 wherein the first volume extends to a depth of at least about 200 μm from the working surface.
19. The rotary drill bit of claim 14 further comprising a braze material affixing at least some of the plurality of polycrystalline diamond compacts to the bit body.
20. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes a ceramic.
21. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the at least one sacrificial material includes tungsten.
22. The subterranean drill bit of claim 1 wherein the at least one sacrificial material is present in the first volume and the second volume in a pre-leaching concentration of about 1 weight % to about 5 weight % of the first volume and the second volume.