Aziridine spinosyn derivatives and methods of making
Compositions including derivatives of spinosyns and methods for the production of derivatives of spinosyns are provided. The spinosyn derivatives described herein include those functionalized on the C-5,6 double bond to provide an aziridine ring system. The method produces spinosyn derivatives that exhibit activity towards insects, arachnids, and nematodes and are useful in the agricultural and animal health markets.
1. A spinosyn compound of the following formulas:
or a salt thereof, wherein:
is a single bond or a double bond;
A is forosamine;
B is rhamnose, a (2R,5S)-4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl group, or a (2R,5S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl group;
C is O or NH; and
X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and X 5 are each independently selected from N, NR, CR, and CR 2 , wherein X 5 may alternatively be a direct bond and when X 5 is a direct bond, one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 may be further selected from O or S, wherein each R is selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;
wherein when X 1 and X 2 are selected from NR, CR, and CR 2 , the R groups of X 1 and X 2 optionally combine to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and
wherein when X 2 and X 3 are selected from NR, CR, and CR 2 , the R groups of X 2 and X 3 optionally combine to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
2. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein when X 1 and X 2 are selected from NR, CR, and CR 2 , the R groups of X 1 and X 2 combine to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
3. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein when X 2 and X 3 are selected from NR, CR, and CR 2 , the R groups of X 2 and X 3 combine to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
4. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein B comprises rhamnose or a (2R,5S)-4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl oxan-2-yl group.
5. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein A is forosamine, B is rhamnose, C is O, X 1 is N, X 2 is C(CH 3 ), and X 3 is S.
6. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein A is forosamine, B is rhamnose, C is O, X 1 is N, X 2 is C(NH 2 ), and X 3 is S.
7. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein when R is halogen, R is fluorine or chlorine.
8. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
9. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
10. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
11. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
12. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
13. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
14. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
15. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
16. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
17. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
18. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
19. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
20. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
21. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
22. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
23. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
24. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
25. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
26. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
27. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula.
28. The spinosyn compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the following formula:
29. A formulation, comprising at least one spinosyn compound of claim 1 and an acceptable carrier.
30. The formulation of claim 29 , further comprising at least one additional active ingredient.
31. The formulation of claim 30 , wherein the at least one additional active ingredient comprises an insecticide or a miticide.
32. The formulation of claim 31 , wherein the insecticide is a contact-acting insecticide.
33. The formulation of claim 31 , wherein the miticide is a contact-acting miticide.
34. A method for controlling pests, comprising contacting a pest with an effective amount of a spinosyn compound of claim 1 .
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the pest is an insect.
36. The method of claim 34 , wherein the pest is an arachnid.
37. The method of claim 34 , wherein the pest is a nematode.
38. A method for making a spinosyn compound of claim 1 , comprising reacting the C-5,6 double bond of Spinosyn A to form the spinosyn compound according to claim 1 , wherein the spinosyn compound forms via either an epoxide or an 1,2-dihalo intermediate or directly via nitrene insertion into the double bond.