Continuously variable transmission
Inventions are directed to components, subassemblies, systems, and/or methods for continuously variable transmissions (CVT). In one aspect, a control system is adapted to facilitate a change in the ratio of a CVT. A control system includes a control reference nut coupled to a feedback cam and operably coupled to a skew cam. In some cases, the skew cam is configured to interact with carrier plates of a CVT. Various inventive feedback cams and skew cams can be used to facilitate shifting the ratio of a CVT. In some transmissions described, the planet subassemblies include legs configured to cooperate with the carrier plates. In some cases, a neutralizer assembly is operably coupled to the carrier plates. A shift cam and a traction sun are adapted to cooperate with other components of the CVT to support operation and/or functionality of the CVT. Among other things, shift control interfaces for a CVT are described.
1. A method for controlling a continuously variable transmission (CVT) comprising a plurality of traction planets arranged around a main axle defining a longitudinal axis and between first and second traction rings, each traction planet having a planet axle defining an axis of rotation that is tiltable to change a ratio of output speed to input speed, the method comprising:
receiving, from a control reference source, a control reference indicative of a desired operating condition for the CVT;
rotating a first carrier plate to a carrier plate angle relative to a second carrier plate, wherein the first carrier plate is coupled to a first end of each planet axle and rotatable about the main axle, wherein the second carrier plate is coupled to a second end of each planet axle and rigidly coupled to the main axle, and wherein rotation of the first carrier relative to the second carrier induces a skew condition on each planet axle;
sensing a present operating condition for the CVT;
comparing the present operating condition of the CVT to the control reference to determine a control error; and
adjusting the carrier plate angle of the first carrier plate relative to the second carrier plate based on the control error to change the skew condition.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a skew angle coordinator is configured to rotate the first carrier plate relative to the second carrier plate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the carrier plate angle of the first carrier plate relative to the second carrier plate based on the control error comprises rotating the first carrier plate to return to a zero angle relative to the second carrier plate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a rate of change of the tilt angle of the plurality of traction planets is a function of the skew condition induced on each planet axle.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the carrier plate angle comprises applying a gain to the control error.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
comparing, by a summing junction, the control reference to a feedback value; and
receiving a result of the comparison of the control reference to the feedback value to determine the control error.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
returning a rate of change in a tilt angle of the plurality of traction planets;
determining, by an integrator, a tilt angle of the plurality of traction planets based on the rate of change in the tilt angle for the plurality of traction planets; and
inducing the skew condition to change the tilt angle of the plurality of traction planets.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control reference comprises a skew angle.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the control reference comprises one of a desired skew angle, a desired tilt angle, a speed ratio, and a torque ratio.
10. A system for controlling a continuously variable transmission (CVT) comprising a plurality of traction planets arranged around a main axle defining a longitudinal axis and between first and second traction rings, each traction planet having a planet axle defining an axis of rotation that is tiltable to change a ratio of output speed to input speed, the system comprising:
a control reference source for generating a control reference indicative of a desired operating condition for the CVT;
a first carrier plate coupled to a first end of each planet axle and rotatable about the main axle;
a second carrier plate coupled to a second end of each planet axle and rigidly coupled to the main axle; and
a controller configured to
receive the control reference,
determine a present operating condition of the CVT,
compare the present operating condition of the CVT to the control reference to determine a control error, and
adjust a carrier plate angle of the first carrier plate relative to the second carrier plate based on the control error to change a skew condition on each planet axle.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a skew angle coordinator configured to rotate the first carrier plate relative to the second carrier plate, wherein rotation of the first carrier relative to the second carrier induces the skew condition on each planet axle.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the skew angle coordinator is configured to rotate the first carrier plate to a zero angle relative to the second carrier plate.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein a rate of change of a tilt angle of the plurality of traction planets is a function of the skew condition on each planet axle.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the controller further comprises a summing junction configured to compare the control reference to a feedback value, and wherein the controller is further configured to receive a result of the comparison of the control reference to the feedback value to determine the control error.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive an indication of a rate of change in a tilt angle of the plurality of traction planets;
determine a tilt angle of the plurality of traction planets based on the rate of change in the tilt angle for the plurality of traction planets; and
induce the skew condition to change the tilt angle of the plurality of traction planets.
16. The system of claim 10 , wherein the control reference comprises a skew angle.
17. The system of claim 10 , wherein the control reference comprises one of a desired skew angle, a desired tilt angle, a speed ratio, and a torque ratio.
18. The system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is further configured to adjust the carrier plate angle by applying a gain to the control error.