Electroporator apparatus and system having a hollow member
An electroporation apparatus comprising an elongated hollow member in order to provide a uniform electric field during electroporation, wherein specifically, electroporation is carried out by applying electric pulses through a couple of electrodes from both end parts of the elongated hollow member, after the hollow member is charged with fluid specimen including cells and material which would be injected into the cells.
1. An electroporation method comprising:
a) filling a hollow specimen-stuffing member of non-conductive material with a specimen, wherein the specimen includes one or more cells and a foreign material to be electroporated into the specimen; and
b) applying an electric pulse or electric pulses to both distal ends of the specimen-stuffing member so that a current can flow through the specimen to electroporate cell membranes and infuse foreign materials into the one or more cells of the specimen, wherein the hollow specimen-stuffing member has an electrode inserted into one of its distal ends such that the electrode is in contact with the specimen when the hollow specimen-stuffing member is filled with the specimen.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow specimen-stuffing member has a ratio (R, cm −1 ) of a longitudinal length (L, cm) to horizontal cross-sectional area (A, cm 2 ) in the range of 50 to 10,000.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow specimen-stuffing member is a capillary or a tubing.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electroporation in the specimen-stuffing member is continuously conducted.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electric pulse is generated using a pulse generator.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specimen-stuffing member is filled with the specimen by a pressure maintaining means.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the pressure maintaining means is a pump, a syringe or a pipette.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specimen-stuffing member is in fluidic communication with a reservoir comprising an electrolytic solution.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the electrolytic solution filled in the reservoir is connected to the other distal end of the specimen-stuffing member for fluid communication, and the electric pulse or electric pulses are applied to another electrode contacting the electrolytic solution filled in the reservoir.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrode inserted into the distal end of the hollow specimen stuffing member is connected to the hollow specimen stuffing member by a connector.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the connector is a disc-shaped connector, a Y-shaped connector or a T-shaped connector.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the connector is further connected to a pressure maintaining means.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrode inserted into the distal end of the hollow specimen stuffing member is a movable electrode.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrode inserted into the distal end of the hollow specimen stuffing member is a L-shaped electrode or a linear electrode.