System and method for recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream
Methods of producing a treated gas by removing nitrogenous compounds are disclosed. Methods of recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream are disclosed. Methods of producing a fertilizer product from organic waste are disclosed. The methods may include introducing a gas stream having nitrogenous compounds into a nitrogenous liquid containing a salt of ammonia to absorb the nitrogenous compounds in the liquid and produce a treated gas. The methods may also include controlling the pH of certain solutions or introducing an oxidant into certain solutions to produce nitrogen ions. Systems for removing nitrogenous compounds including a reaction subsystem, an oxidation control subsystem, a dissolved solids concentrator, and a recirculation line are also disclosed. The systems may be employed to remove nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream, recover the nitrogenous compounds from the gas stream, or produce a fertilizer product from the recovered nitrogenous compounds.
1. A method of producing a treated gas by removing nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream, the method comprising:
introducing the gas stream comprising nitrogenous compounds into a nitrogenous liquid comprising a salt of ammonia;
introducing an oxidant into the nitrogenous liquid to produce oxy-anions of nitrogen;
introducing a base into the nitrogenous liquid to maintain the nitrogenous liquid and oxy-anions of nitrogen at a predetermined pH between about 3 and about 9 to control a concentration of the oxy-anions of nitrogen; and
discharging the treated gas comprising a reduced concentration of the nitrogenous compounds.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxy-anions of nitrogen comprise at least one of nitrite and nitrate.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising producing the nitrogenous liquid by contacting the gas stream with water to oxidize at least a fraction of the nitrogenous compounds into the salt of ammonia.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining a total dissolved solids concentration in the nitrogenous liquid between about 1 g/L and about 500 g/L.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dosing the nitrogenous liquid comprising the salt of ammonia with a biological catalyst.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined pH is between about 6 and about 8.5.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying organic material to produce the gas stream comprising nitrogenous compounds.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising separating solids from the gas stream.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the organic material comprises at least one of poultry manure and poultry litter.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising maintaining a temperature of the nitrogenous liquid between about 4° C. and about 80° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treated gas comprises less than 1% nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate, and potassium.
12. A method of recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream, the method comprising:
introducing the gas stream comprising nitrogenous compounds into a nitrogenous liquid comprising a salt of ammonia;
introducing a base into the nitrogenous liquid;
introducing an oxidant into the nitrogenous liquid to oxidize a predetermined amount of the nitrogenous compounds into oxy-anions of nitrogen; and
collecting a liquid product comprising at least a fraction of the nitrogenous liquid, remaining nitrogenous compounds, and the oxy-anions of nitrogen.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the predetermined amount of the nitrogenous compounds to be oxidized is between about 5% and about 50% of the nitrogenous compounds.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the predetermined amount of the nitrogenous compounds to be oxidized is between about 50% and about 100% of the nitrogenous compounds.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising introducing a salt into water to produce a salt solution and electrically separating ions in the salt solution to produce the base and an acid.
16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising producing the nitrogenous liquid by contacting the gas stream with water to oxidize at least a fraction of the nitrogenous compounds into the salt of ammonia.
17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising maintaining a pH of the nitrogenous liquid and oxy-anions of nitrogen between about 3 and about 9.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising maintaining a pH of the nitrogenous liquid and oxy-anions of nitrogen between about 6 and about 8.5.
19. The method of claim 12 , further comprising drying organic material to produce the gas stream comprising nitrogenous compounds.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising separating solids from the gas stream.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the organic material comprises at least one of poultry manure and poultry litter.
22. The method of claim 19 , further comprising maintaining a temperature of the nitrogenous liquid between about 4° C. and about 80° C.
23. The method of claim 12 , further comprising controlling a composition of the nitrogenous liquid by introducing a salt into the nitrogenous liquid.
24. A method of recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream, the method comprising:
introducing the gas stream comprising nitrogenous compounds into a nitrogenous liquid comprising a salt of ammonia;
introducing an oxidant into the nitrogenous liquid to oxidize a predetermined amount of the nitrogenous compounds into oxy-anions of nitrogen;
collecting a liquid product comprising at least a fraction of the nitrogenous liquid, remaining nitrogenous compounds, and the oxy-anions of nitrogen; and
concentrating the liquid product by removing excess water.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the liquid product is concentrated by at least one of reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and evaporation.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the liquid product comprises at least 16% nitrogen by mass.
27. The method of claim 24 , further comprising returning at least a fraction of the excess water to the nitrogenous liquid.
28. The method of claim 27 , further comprising maintaining a total dissolved solids concentration in the nitrogenous liquid between about 1 g/L and about 500 g/L.
29. A method of recovering nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream, the method comprising:
introducing the gas stream comprising nitrogenous compounds into a nitrogenous liquid comprising a salt of ammonia;
dosing the nitrogenous liquid with a biological catalyst;
introducing an oxidant into the nitrogenous liquid to oxidize a predetermined amount of the nitrogenous compounds into oxy-anions of nitrogen;
collecting a liquid product comprising at least a fraction of the nitrogenous liquid, remaining nitrogenous compounds, and the oxy-anions of nitrogen;
separating solids from the liquid product; and
returning at least a fraction of the separated solids to the nitrogenous liquid.
30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising maintaining a pH of the nitrogenous liquid and oxy-anions of nitrogen between about 3 and about 9.
31. The method of claim 30 , further comprising maintaining a pH of the nitrogenous liquid and oxy-anions of nitrogen between about 6 and about 8.5.
32. The method of claim 29 , further comprising concentrating the liquid product by removing excess water.
33. A system for removing nitrogenous compounds from a gas stream, the system comprising:
a reaction subsystem comprising at least one absorption chamber, a treated gas outlet, and a product outlet, the reaction subsystem fluidly connectable to a gas stream comprising nitrogenous compounds, a source of water, a source of an oxidant, and a source of a base, and constructed and arranged to combine the gas stream, the water, the oxidant, and the base;
an oxidation control subsystem configured to maintain a predetermined oxidation reduction potential (ORP) within the reaction subsystem;
a dissolved solids concentrator fluidly connected downstream of the reaction subsystem through the product outlet, the dissolved solids concentrator comprising a concentrated product outlet and a dilute liquid outlet; and
a recirculation line extending between the dissolved solids concentrator through the dilute liquid outlet and a recycle inlet of the reaction subsystem.
34. The system of claim 33 , wherein the reaction subsystem is fluidly connectable to a source of a salt and constructed and arranged to combine the salt with the gas stream, the water, the oxidant, and the base.
35. The system of claim 33 , further comprising a temperature sensor configured to measure temperature of one or more gases and solutions within the system.
36. The system of claim 35 , wherein the system comprises a control module electrically connected to the temperature sensor and configured to adjust a temperature within the reaction subsystem to a predetermined temperature, responsive to a measurement obtained by the temperature sensor.
37. The system of claim 36 , wherein the predetermined temperature is a temperature range between about 4° C. and about 80° C.
38. The system of claim 33 , further comprising a heat exchanger constructed and arranged to transfer heat between the reaction subsystem and one or more of the gas stream and the source of the water to adjust a temperature within the reaction subsystem to between about 4° C. and about 80° C.
39. The system of claim 33 , further comprising a pH meter configured to measure pH of a solution within the reaction subsystem.
40. The system of claim 39 , further comprising a control module electrically connected to the pH meter and configured to adjust the pH within the reaction subsystem responsive to a measurement obtained by the pH meter.
41. The system of claim 40 , wherein the control module is configured to maintain the pH between about 3 and about 9.
42. The system of claim 41 , wherein the control module is configured to maintain the pH between about 6 and about 8.5.
43. The system of claim 33 , further comprising an ORP sensor configured to measure ORP of a solution within the reaction subsystem.
44. The system of claim 43 , further comprising a control module electrically connected to the ORP sensor and configured to adjust the ORP within the reaction subsystem responsive to a measurement obtained by the ORP sensor.
45. The system of claim 44 , wherein the predetermined ORP is between about +400 mV and about +900 mV.
46. The system of claim 33 , further comprising a conductivity meter configured to measure conductivity of a gas or solution within the reaction subsystem.
47. The system of claim 46 , further comprising a control module electrically connected to the conductivity meter and configured to adjust the conductivity of the gas or the solution within the reaction subsystem responsive to a measurement obtained by the conductivity meter.
48. The system of claim 47 , wherein the control module is configured to maintain a concentration of total dissolved solids in the solution within the reaction subsystem between about 1 g/L and about 500 g/L.
49. The system of claim 33 , further comprising an organic material dryer and a solids-gas separator having a solids waste outlet and a gas stream outlet, the solids-gas separator fluidly connectable to the reaction subsystem through the gas stream outlet.
50. The system of claim 33 , further comprising a solids-liquid separator fluidly connectable downstream of the reaction subsystem through the product outlet, the solids-liquid separator comprising a solids outlet and liquid product outlet, and wherein the dissolved solids concentrator is fluidly connectable to the solids-liquid separator through the liquid product outlet.
51. The system of claim 50 , further comprising a solids recirculation line extending from the solids outlet of the solids-liquid separator and the reaction subsystem.
52. The system of claim 33 , wherein the source of the base comprises an acid base production subsystem comprising a salt inlet, a water inlet, a cation stream outlet, and an anion stream outlet, the cation stream outlet fluidly connectable to the reaction subsystem.
53. The system of claim 52 , wherein the anion stream outlet is fluidly connectable to a second reaction subsystem comprising at least one absorption chamber, a treated gas outlet, and a product outlet, the second reaction subsystem constructed and arranged to combine a gas stream comprising nitrogenous compounds, water, and the anion stream to produce a treated gas and a nitrogenous liquid product.
54. The system of claim 33 , further comprising a wet electrostatic precipitator positioned within the at least one absorption chamber.