Surface topography apparatus and method
An optical method for determining an orientation of surface texture of a mechanical part includes: i) acquiring data for a first areal surface topography image using a surface topography measurement instrument, wherein the first image corresponds to a first field of view of the mechanical part for the surface topography measurement instrument; ii) rotating the mechanical part with respect to a rotation axis provided by a rotatable mount used to secure the mechanical part to provide a second field of view of the mechanical part for the surface topography measurement instrument, wherein the first and second fields of view overlap to provide image information about a common region of the mechanical part; iii) acquiring data for a second areal surface topography image using the surface topography measurement instrument, wherein the second image corresponds to the second field of view; and iv) processing the data from the images.
1. An optical method for determining an orientation of surface texture of a mechanical part, the method comprising:
a. Acquiring data for a first areal surface topography image using a surface topography measurement instrument, wherein the first image corresponds to a first field of view of the mechanical part for the surface topography measurement instrument;
b. Rotating the mechanical part with respect to a rotation axis provided by a rotatable mount used to secure the mechanical part to provide a second field of view of the mechanical part for the surface topography measurement instrument, wherein the first and second fields of view overlap to provide image information about a common region of the mechanical part;
c. Acquiring data for a second areal surface topography image using the surface topography measurement instrument, wherein the second image corresponds to the second field of view; and
d. Computationally determining information about an orientation of surface texture of the mechanical part relative to the rotation axis based on the data from the first and second overlapping surface topography images.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein computationally determining information about the orientation of the surface texture relative to the rotation axis comprises:
a. analyzing the data from at least one of the surface topography images to determine information about the orientation of the surface texture for the mechanical part with respect to local image coordinates for the surface topography measurement instrument; and
b. determining an orientation of the rotation axis relative to the local image coordinates based on the data from the first and second overlapping surface topography images.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein computationally determining the information about the orientation of the surface texture relative to the rotation axis further comprises determining the information about the orientation of the surface texture relative to the rotation axis based on the determined orientation of the surface texture for the mechanical part with respect to the local image coordinates and the determined orientation of the rotation axis relative to the local image coordinates.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the orientation of the rotation axis relative to the local image coordinates based on the data from the first and second overlapping surface topography images comprises analyzing the data from the first and second overlapping surface topography images to determine a shift in image coordinates from the first field of view to the second field of view for the common region.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein determining the shift in image coordinates comprises performing an image correlation technique on the data from the first and second overlapping surface topography images to determine a location of the common region of the mechanical part in the local image coordinates for each of the first field of view and the second field of view.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the determined orientation of the rotation axis is provided by an orientation angle γ corresponding to a circumferential direction of the rotation of the part in the image coordinates and defined by tan(γ)=Δx/Δy, where Δx and Δy correspond to the determined shift in the image coordinates and where the x-axis for the image coordinates is nominally aligned with the rotation axis.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein for a global Cartesian coordinate system x′, y′, and z′ where the x′-axis corresponds to the rotation axis and the x′-y′ plane is parallel to an x-y image plane for the image coordinates of the surface topography measurement instrument, the orientation angle γ provides the angle of rotation of the x′-y′ plane from the x-y image plane.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the orientation of the surface texture for the mechanical part with respect to image coordinates corresponds to an angle γ of an orientation of grooves on the mechanical part in the x-y image plane, and wherein the information about an orientation of surface texture of the mechanical part relative to the rotation axis is determined from the orientation angle γ and the groove orientation angle φ.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the information about an orientation of surface texture of the mechanical part relative to the rotation axis is the lead angle Dγ according to: Dγ=90°−φ−γ.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the determined orientation of the rotation axis relative to the image coordinates corresponds to an orientation with respect to the image coordinates of an intersection of a plane normal to the rotation axis with a plane defined by the image coordinates.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mechanical part has a cylindrical shape.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the mechanical part is mounted on the rotatable mount to nominally align the rotation axis of the mount with a symmetry axis of the cylindrical shape of the mechanical part.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the surface texture for the mechanical part corresponds to grooves circumscribing the cylindrical shape of the mechanical part.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the computational determining comprises processing the acquired data for at least one of the surface topography images to fit a cylindrical surface form to the acquired data to determine surface topography variations relative to the fitted surface form.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface topography measurement system is a non-contact areal surface topography system comprising an interference microscope, a confocal microscope, a focus variation system, or a fringe projection system.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rotatable mount comprises a rotary stage with a chuck for holding the mechanical part.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising acquiring data for one or more additional areal surface topography images of the mechanical part and wherein the determining of the information about the orientation of surface texture of the mechanical part relative to the rotation axis comprises averaging information derivable from at least some of the areal surface topography images.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the areal surface topography images is a composite image produced by stitching together multiple areal surface topography images acquired by the surface topography measurement instrument.
19. A method for improving, refining, or controlling a production process for a mechanical part, the method comprising:
a. determining an orientation of surface texture of the mechanical part using the method of claim 1 ; and
b. improving, refining, or controlling a production process based on the determined orientation of the surface texture of the mechanical part.
20. An optical measurement system for determining an orientation of surface texture of a mechanical part, the system comprising:
a. a surface topography measurement instrument and a rotatable mount for supporting the mechanical part and adjustably rotating the part about a rotation axis relative to the surface topography measurement instrument,
b. wherein the surface topography measurement instrument is configured to measure a first areal surface topography image corresponding to a first field of view of the mechanical part for the surface topography measurement instrument and a second areal surface topography image corresponding to a second field of view of the mechanical part for the surface topography measurement instrument when the mechanical part is rotated from the first field of view,
c. wherein the first and second fields of view overlap to provide image information about a common region of the mechanical part; and
d. one or more processors coupled to the surface topography measurement instrument to acquire data for the areal surface topography images and computationally determine information about an orientation of surface texture of the mechanical part relative to the rotation axis based on the data from the first and second overlapping surface topography images.