Electrolyte for high voltage lithium-ion batteries
An electrolyte, electrochemical device, battery, capacitor, and/or the like include a salt; and a fluorinated organosulfate compound represented by Formula I: wherein, R 1 is H, OR 3 , alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, or silyl; R 2 is H, OR 3 , alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, or silyl; and R 3 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or siloxy; or where R 1 and R 2 join together to form a cyclic compound incorporating the —O—S(O) 2 —O— group; wherein at least one R 1 and R 2 is fluorinated.
1. An electrolyte comprising:
a salt;
a solvent comprising 2,2,2-(trifluoroethyl)methyl carbonate; and
an additive comprising 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide is present in the non-aqueous solvent from about 0.01 wt % to about 50 wt %.
3. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the salt is a lithium salt.
4. The electrolyte of claim 3 , wherein the lithium salt comprises a lithium alkyl fluorophosphate; a lithium alkyl fluoroborates; lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole; lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-methylimidazole; trilithium 2,2′,2″-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzotris(imidazolate); Li(CF 3 CO 2 ); Li(C 2 F 5 CO 2 ); LiCF 3 SO 3 ; LiCH 3 SO 3 ; LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ; LiC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 ; LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ; LiClO 4 ; LiBF 4 ; LiAsF 6 ; LiPF 6 ; LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ; LiPF 4 (C 2 O 4 ); LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ; LiBF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ; Li 2 (B 12 X 12−n H n ); Li 2 (B 10 X 10−n′ H n′ ); or a mixture of any two or more thereof, wherein X is independently at each occurrence a halogen, n is an integer from 0 to 12, and n′ is an integer from 0 to 10.
5. An electrochemical device comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
the electrolyte of claim 1 .
6. The electrochemical device of claim 5 wherein the 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide is present in the electrolyte from about 0.01 wt % to about 50 wt %.
7. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein a volume ratio of the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)methyl carbonate to the 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide is 7:3.
8. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate or sodium hexafluorophosphate.
9. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the electrolyte consists of:
a salt that is lithium or sodium hexafluorophosphate;
2,2,2-(trifluoroethyl)methyl carbonate; and
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide.
10. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the anode comprises synthetic graphite, natural graphite, amorphous carbon, hard carbon, soft carbon, acetylene black, MCMB, carbon black, Ketjen black, mesoporous carbon, porous carbon matrix, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, graphene, black phosphorus, red phosphorus, mixture of red and black phosphorus, Ge, SnSb, NiCo 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 4 , or Co 3 O 4 .
11. The electrochemical device of claim 5 is a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium-sulfur secondary battery, a lithium-air secondary battery, a sodium-ion secondary battery, a sodium-sulfur secondary battery, or a sodium-air secondary battery.