Frequency-controlled voltage source
Voltage source circuits, asynchronous processing systems and methods are disclosed. A voltage source circuit includes a capacitor storing an operating voltage for an asynchronous processor. A frequency comparator compares a frequency reference and a feedback signal indicative of an operating frequency of the asynchronous processor to determine whether or not the operating frequency is less than a target frequency. When operating frequency is less than the target frequency, a charge pump adds charge to the capacitor.
1. A voltage source circuit, comprising:
a frequency comparator to compare a frequency reference and a feedback signal indicative of an operating frequency of an asynchronous processor to determine whether or not the operating frequency is less than a target frequency;
a capacitor adapted to store an operating voltage for the asynchronous processor;
a charge pump to add charge to the capacitor when a determination is made that the operating frequency is less than the target frequency.
2. The voltage source circuit of claim 1 , wherein the frequency comparator comprises:
a counter to count a number of cycles of the feedback signal within a period of the frequency reference.
3. The voltage source circuit of claim 2 , wherein the frequency comparator further comprises:
a comparator to compare a count value from the counter and a target count value; and
logic to determine that the operating frequency is less than the target frequency when the count value is less than the target count value at an end of each cycle of the frequency reference.
4. The voltage source circuit of claim 1 , wherein the charge pump comprises:
first and second transistor switches coupled in series between a supply voltage and a ground;
an inductor coupled between a junction intermediate the first and second transistor switches and the capacitor; and
control logic that, in response to a determination that the operating frequency is less than the target frequency:
causes the first transistor switch to turn on for a first time interval,
causes the first transistor switch to turn off after the first time interval,
causes the second transistor switch to turn on for a second time interval immediately subsequent to the first time interval, and
causes the second transistor switch to turn off after the second time interval.
5. The voltage source circuit of claim 4 , wherein the control logic comprises:
a first delay line to determine the first time interval; and
a second delay line to determine the second time interval.
6. The voltage source circuit of claim 5 , wherein one or both of the first delay line and the second delay line are programmable.
7. The voltage source circuit of claim 5 , wherein the control logic comprises:
a comparator to detect a voltage across the second transistor switch after the second transistor switch is turned off, wherein an output of the comparator provides feedback to the second delay line to adjust the second time interval.
8. A processing system, comprising:
a capacitor storing a voltage;
an asynchronous processor operating from the voltage stored on the capacitor, the asynchronous processor outputting a feedback signal indicative of an operating frequency of the asynchronous processor;
a frequency comparator to compare a frequency reference and the feedback signal to determine whether or not the operating frequency of the asynchronous processor is less than a target frequency; and
a charge pump to add charge to the capacitor when a determination is made that the operating frequency is less than the target frequency.
9. The processing system of claim 8 , wherein the feedback signal is an acknowledge signal indicating the completion of a processing cycle of the asynchronous processor.
10. The processing system of claim 8 , wherein the feedback signal is an output from a critical path estimator circuit.
11. The processing system of claim 8 , wherein the frequency comparator comprises:
a counter to count a number of cycles of the feedback signal within a period of the frequency reference.
12. The processing system of claim 11 , wherein the frequency comparator further comprises:
a comparator to compare a count value from the counter and a target count value; and
logic to determine that the operating frequency is less than the target frequency when the count value is less than the target count value at an end of each cycle of the frequency reference.
13. The processing system of claim 8 , wherein the charge pump comprises:
first and second transistor switches coupled in series between a supply voltage and a ground;
an inductor coupled between a junction intermediate the first and second transistor switches and the capacitor; and
control logic that, in response to a determination that the operating frequency is less than the target frequency:
causes the first transistor switch to turn on for a first time interval,
causes the first transistor switch to turn off after the first time interval,
causes the second transistor switch to turn on for a second time interval immediately subsequent to the first time interval, and
causes the second transistor switch to turn off after the second time interval.
14. The processing system of claim 13 , wherein the control logic comprises:
a first delay line to determine the first time interval; and
a second delay line to determine the second time interval.
15. The processing system of claim 14 , wherein one or both of the first delay line and the second delay line are programmable.
16. The processing system of claim 14 , wherein the control logic comprises:
a comparator to detect a voltage across the second transistor switch after the second transistor switch is turned off, wherein an output of the comparator provides feedback to the second delay line to adjust the second time interval.
17. A method of operating an asynchronous processor, comprising:
operating the asynchronous processor from a voltage stored on a capacitor, the asynchronous processor outputting a feedback signal indicative of an operating frequency of the asynchronous processor;
periodically comparing a frequency reference and the feedback signal to determine whether or not the operating frequency is less than a target frequency; and
adding charge to the capacitor when a determination is made that the operating frequency is less than the target frequency.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the feedback signal is an acknowledge signal indicating the completion of a processing cycle of the asynchronous processor.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the feedback signal is an output from a critical path estimator circuit.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein periodically comparing the frequency reference and the feedback signal comprises:
comparing the frequency reference and the feedback signal once per cycle of the frequency reference.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein periodically comparing the frequency reference and the feedback signal comprises:
counting a number of cycles of the feedback signal during a period of the frequency reference; and
determining the operating frequency is less than the target frequency when the number of cycles of the feedback signal during a period of the frequency reference is less than a target number.