Metal nanostructured networks and transparent conductive material
Metal nanowires, such as silver nanowires coated on a substrate were sintered together to form fused metal nanowire networks that have greatly improved conductivity while maintaining good transparency and low haze. The method of forming such a fused metal nanowire networks are disclosed that involves exposure of metal nanowires to various fusing agents on a short timescale. The resulting sintered network can have a core-shell structure in which metal halide forms the shell. Additionally, effective methods are described for forming patterned structure with areas of sintered metal nanowire network with high conductivity and areas of un-sintered metal nanowires with low conductivity. The corresponding patterned films are also described. When formed into a film, materials comprising the metal nanowire network demonstrate low sheet resistance while maintaining desirably high levels of optical transparency with low haze, making them suitable for transparent electrode, touch sensors, and other electronic/optical device formation.
1. A touch sensor comprising a first electrode structure and a second electrode structure spaced apart in a natural configuration from the first electrode structure, the first electrode structure comprising a first transparent conductive electrode on a first substrate comprising a transparent sheet, wherein the first transparent conductive electrode comprises a first fused nanostructured metal network, wherein the first transparent conductive electrode having a transmittance of at least about 90% and comprises conductive regions with a sheet resistance of no more than about 100 ohms/sq.
2. The touch sensor of claim 1 wherein the second electrode structure comprises a second transparent conductive electrode on a second substrate wherein the second transparent conductive electrode comprises a second fused nanostructured metal network.
3. The touch sensor of claim 1 wherein the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure are spaced apart by a dielectric layer and further comprising a circuit connected to the conductive electrode structures that measures changes in capacitance.
4. The touch sensor of claim 1 further comprising display components associated with the substrate.
5. The touch sensor of claim 1 wherein the first substrate comprises a transparent polymer sheet.
6. The touch sensor of claim 1 further comprising a circuit connected to the electrode structures that measures changes in electrical resistance.
7. The touch sensor of claim 1 wherein the first transparent conductive electrode is patterned with conductive regions and non-conductive regions.
8. The touch sensor of claim 1 wherein the first transparent conductive electrode comprises conductive regions with a sheet resistance of no more than about 90 ohms/sq.
9. The tough sensor of claim 1 wherein the dielectric layer is a polymer sheet.
10. The touch sensor of claim 1 wherein the first transparent conductive electrode has a transmittance of at least about 92%.
11. A patterned structure comprising a substrate and a coating, wherein the coating is patterned to form a selected non-conductive portion over the surface and a conductive portion along the surface comprising a fused nanostructured metal network, wherein the conductive portion has a transmittance to visible light of at least about 85% and wherein the coating portion with the fused nanostructured metal network has a sheet resistance of no more than about 120.
12. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the coating portion with the fused nanostructured metal network has a sheet resistance of no more than about 100 Ohms/square and the non-conductive portion has a sheet resistance at least about 100 times the sheet resistance of the fused nanostructured metal network.
13. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the coating has a transmittance to visible light of at least about 92%.
14. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the coating has approximately the same transparency across the entire coating.
15. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the non-conductive portion has a sheet resistance at least about 1000 times the sheet resistance of the fused nanostructured metal network.
16. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the non-conductive portion of the coating comprises silver nanowires.
17. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the substrate is a polymer sheet.
18. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the sheet resistance of the fused metal nanostructured network is no more than about 100 ohms/sq.
19. The patterned structure of claim 18 wherein the transmittance to visible light is at least about 90%.
20. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the coating has a haze of no more than about 0.4%.
21. The patterned structure of claim 11 wherein the non-conductive portion comprises unfused metal nanowires.