Online monitoring of production processes using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for closed-loop control of a system using one or more electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) sensors located on-site. With such EPR sensors, a change can be applied to the system, the EPR sensors can measure the effect(s) of the change, and then adjustments can be made in real-time. This feedback process may be repeated continuously to control the system.
1. A method of sensing a multiphase fluid, comprising:
extracting at least one characteristic of at least one of a first phase or a second phase in the multiphase fluid in a flowing system;
performing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy on at least a portion of the multiphase fluid to generate an EPR spectrum;
determining at least one electromagnetic attribute of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid; and
determining at least one property of the multiphase fluid based on the EPR spectrum, the at least one characteristic, and the at least one electromagnetic attribute.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting an operating parameter of the flowing system based on the at least one property.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising repeating the extracting, the performing, the determining, and the adjusting for automated closed-loop control of the operating parameter.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the operating parameter comprises a rate or a volume of fluid injection into the flowing system.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the operating parameter comprises a pressure, a type, or a concentration of an injected fluid introduced into the flowing system.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flowing system comprises a system for hydrocarbon recovery operations, wherein the first phase comprises an oil component of the multiphase fluid, and wherein the second phase comprises a water component or a gas component of the multiphase fluid.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the system for hydrocarbon recovery operations comprises a wellhead and wherein the performing comprises performing the EPR spectroscopy on the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid at or adjacent the wellhead.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the at least one characteristic comprises a volume fraction of the oil component and wherein the at least one property comprises a concentration of asphaltene in the oil component.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the second phase from the multiphase fluid to leave a remaining fluid, wherein the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid comprises the remaining fluid and wherein the determining comprises determining at least one property of the remaining fluid.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling one or more valves to at least one of store the multiphase fluid in a separator, separate at least a portion of the second phase from the multiphase fluid, or allow the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid to enter a resonator from the separator for performing the EPR spectroscopy.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the at least one electromagnetic attribute is based on performing the EPR spectroscopy and wherein the at least one electromagnetic attribute comprises at least one of a conductivity, a dielectric property, a magnetic susceptibility, or a magnetic permeability, of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting an operating parameter of the flowing system based on a deviation of a current value of the at least one property from a baseline value of the at least one property.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the baseline value was generated by:
repeating the extracting, the performing, and the determining over time to generate multiple values of the at least one property; and
deriving the baseline value based on the multiple values of the at least one property.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
after the adjusting, repeating the performing the EPR spectroscopy to generate an updated EPR spectrum; and
identifying a change in the updated EPR spectrum from a previously generated EPR spectrum.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one property comprises a concentration of asphaltene in the multiphase fluid.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one characteristic comprises at least one of a volume fraction of the first phase or a volume fraction of the second phase.
17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed on a processor, perform operations for sensing a multiphase fluid, the operations comprising:
extracting at least one characteristic of at least one of a first phase or a second phase in the multiphase fluid in a flowing system;
performing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy on at least a portion of the multiphase fluid to generate an EPR spectrum;
determining at least one electromagnetic attribute of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid; and
determining at least one property of the multiphase fluid based on the EPR spectrum, the at least one characteristic, and the at least one electromagnetic attribute.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the operations further comprise adjusting an operating parameter of the flowing system based on the at least one property.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the operations further comprise repeating the extracting, the performing, the determining, and the adjusting for automated closed-loop control of the operating parameter.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the operating parameter comprises a rate or a volume of fluid injection into the flowing system.
21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the operating parameter comprises a pressure, a type, or a concentration of an injected fluid introduced into the flowing system.
22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the flowing system comprises a system for hydrocarbon recovery operations, wherein the first phase comprises an oil component of the multiphase fluid, and wherein the second phase comprises a water component or a gas component of the multiphase fluid.
23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22 , wherein the system for hydrocarbon recovery operations comprises a wellhead and wherein the performing comprises performing the EPR spectroscopy on the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid at or adjacent the wellhead.
24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 22 , wherein the at least one characteristic comprises a volume fraction of the oil component and wherein the at least one property comprises a concentration of asphaltene in the oil component.
25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the operations further comprise separating at least a portion of the second phase from the multiphase fluid to leave a remaining fluid, wherein the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid comprises the remaining fluid, and wherein the determining comprises determining at least one property of the remaining fluid.
26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the operations further comprise controlling one or more valves to at least one of store the multiphase fluid in a separator, separate at least a portion of the second phase from the multiphase fluid, or allow the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid to enter a resonator from the separator for performing the EPR spectroscopy.
27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein determining the at least one electromagnetic attribute is based on performing the EPR spectroscopy and wherein the at least one electromagnetic attribute comprises at least one of a conductivity, a dielectric property, a magnetic susceptibility, or a magnetic permeability, of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid.
28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the operations further comprise adjusting an operating parameter of the flowing system based on a deviation of a current value of the at least one property from a baseline value of the at least one property.
29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28 , wherein the baseline value was generated by:
repeating the extracting, the performing, and the determining over time to generate multiple values of the at least one property; and
deriving the baseline value based on the multiple values of the at least one property.
30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28 , wherein the operations further comprise:
after the adjusting, repeating the performing the EPR spectroscopy to generate an updated EPR spectrum; and
identifying a change in the updated EPR spectrum from a previously generated EPR spectrum.
31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the at least one property comprises a concentration of asphaltene in the multiphase fluid.
32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the at least one characteristic comprises at least one of a volume fraction of the first phase or a volume fraction of the second phase.
33. A system for sensing a multiphase fluid configured to flow in the system, comprising:
at least one sensor configured to extract at least one characteristic of at least one of a first phase or a second phase in the multiphase fluid;
an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer configured to perform EPR spectroscopy on at least a portion of the multiphase fluid to generate an EPR spectrum; and
at least one processor coupled to the at least one sensor and the EPR spectrometer the at least one processor being configured to:
determine at least one electromagnetic attribute of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid; and
determine at least one property of the multiphase fluid based on the EPR spectrum, the at least one characteristic, and the at least one electromagnetic attribute.
34. The system of claim 33 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to adjust an operating parameter of the system based on the at least one property.
35. The system of claim 34 , wherein the operating parameter comprises a rate or a volume of fluid injection into the system.
36. The system of claim 34 , wherein the operating parameter comprises a pressure, a type, or a concentration of an injected fluid introduced into the system.
37. The system of claim 33 , wherein the system comprises a system for hydrocarbon recovery operations, wherein the first phase comprises an oil component of the multiphase fluid, and wherein the second phase comprises a water component or a gas component of the multiphase fluid.
38. The system of claim 37 , wherein the system for hydrocarbon recovery operations comprises a wellhead and wherein the EPR spectrometer is configured to perform the EPR spectroscopy on the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid at or adjacent the wellhead.
39. The system of claim 37 , wherein the at least one characteristic comprises a volume fraction of the oil component and wherein the at least one property comprises a concentration of asphaltene in the oil component.
40. The system of claim 33 , further comprising a separator configured to separate at least a portion of the second phase from the multiphase fluid to leave a remaining fluid, wherein the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid comprises the remaining fluid and wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine at least one property of the remaining fluid.
41. The system of claim 40 , further comprising one or more valves associated with the separator, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to control the one or more valves to at least one of store the multiphase fluid in the separator, separate at least a portion of the second phase from the multiphase fluid, or allow the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid to enter a resonator from the separator for performing the EPR spectroscopy.
42. The system of claim 33 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the at least one electromagnetic attribute based on performing the EPR spectroscopy and wherein the at least one electromagnetic attribute comprises at least one of a conductivity, a dielectric property, a magnetic susceptibility, or a magnetic permeability, of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid.
43. The system of claim 33 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to adjust an operating parameter of the system based on a deviation of a current value of the at least one property from a baseline value of the at least one property.
44. The system of claim 43 , wherein the baseline value was derived from multiple values of the at least one property.
45. The system of claim 43 , wherein:
the EPR spectrometer is further configured to repeat, after the adjustment of the operating parameter, the performing the EPR spectroscopy to generate an updated EPR spectrum; and
the at least one processor is further configured to identify a change in the updated EPR spectrum from a previously generated EPR spectrum.
46. The system of claim 33 , wherein the at least one property comprises a concentration of asphaltene in the multiphase fluid.
47. The system of claim 33 , wherein the at least one characteristic comprises at least one of a volume fraction of the first phase or a volume fraction of the second phase.
48. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the at least one electromagnetic attribute is based on performing the EPR spectroscopy and wherein the at least one electromagnetic attribute comprises a conductivity of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid.
49. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein determining the at least one electromagnetic attribute is based on performing the EPR spectroscopy and wherein the at least one electromagnetic attribute comprises a dielectric property of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid.
50. The system of claim 33 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the at least one electromagnetic attribute based on performing the EPR spectroscopy and wherein the at least one electromagnetic attribute comprises a magnetic permeability of the at least the portion of the multiphase fluid.