Restimulation of cryopreserved tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
The present disclosure provides methods for re-stimulating TIL populations that lead to improved phenotype and increased metabolic health of the TILs and provides methods of assaying for TIL populations to determine suitability for more efficacious infusion after re-stimulation.
1. A method for treating a subject with head and neck cancer comprising administering expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) comprising:
(i) obtaining a first population of TILs from a tumor resected from a subject;
(ii) performing a first expansion by culturing the first population of TILs in a cell culture medium comprising IL-2 to produce a second population of TILs;
(iii) performing a second expansion by supplementing the cell culture medium of the second population of TILs with additional IL-2, OKT-3, and antigen presenting cells (APCs), to produce a third population of TILs, wherein the third population of TILs is at least 100-fold greater in number than the second population of TILs, and wherein the second expansion is performed for at least 14 days in order to obtain the third population of TILs, wherein the third population of TILs is a therapeutic population of TILs which comprises an increased subpopulation of effector T cells and/or central memory T cells relative to the second population of TILs; and
(iv) administering a therapeutically effective dosage of the third population of TILs to the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises prior to step (iv) a step of performing an additional second expansion by supplementing the cell culture medium of the third population of TILs with additional IL-2, additional OKT-3, and additional APCs, wherein the additional second expansion is performed for at least 14 days to obtain a larger therapeutic population of TILs than obtained in step (iii), wherein the larger therapeutic population of TILs comprises an increased subpopulation of effector T cells and/or central memory T cells relative to the third population of TILs.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein after step (ii) the cells are removed from the cell culture medium and cryopreserved in a storage medium prior to the additional second expansion.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the cells are thawed prior to the additional second expansion.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (iii) is repeated one to four times in order to obtain sufficient TILs in the therapeutic population of TILs for a therapeutically effective dosage of the TILs.
6. The method according to claim 5 , where the number of TILs sufficient for a therapeutically effective dosage is from about 1×10 9 to about 9×10 10 .
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the APCs are peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the effector T cells and/or central memory T cells exhibit one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of expression of CD27, expression of CD28, longer telomeres, increased CD57 expression, and decreased CD56 expression, relative to effector T cells and/or central memory T cells in the third population of cells.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the effector T cells and/or central memory T cells exhibit increased CD57 expression and decreased CD56 expression.
10. A method according to claim 8 , wherein the effector T cells and/or central memory T cells exhibit an increase in the percentage of CD27+ and CD28+ cells.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the third population of TILs is a therapeutic population of TILs which comprises an increased subpopulation of CD4+ TILs relative to the second population of TILs.
12. A method for treating a subject with head and neck cancer comprising administering expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) comprising:
(i) performing a first expansion by culturing a first population of TILs from a tumor resected from a subject in a cell culture medium comprising IL-2 to obtain a second population of TILs;
(ii) performing a second expansion by supplementing the cell culture medium of the second population of TILs with additional IL-2, OKT-3, and antigen presenting cells (APCs) to obtain a third population of TILs, wherein the third population of TILs is at least 100-fold greater in number than the second population of TILs, and wherein the second expansion is performed for at least 14 days in order to obtain the third population of TILs, wherein the third population of TILs is a therapeutic population of TILs which comprises an increased subpopulation of effector T cells and/or central memory T cells relative to the second population of TILs; and
(iii) administering a therapeutically effective dosage of the therapeutic population of TILs to the subject.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method further comprises prior to step (iii) a step of performing an additional second expansion by supplementing the cell culture medium of the third population of TILs with additional IL-2, additional OKT-3, and additional APCs, wherein the additional second expansion is performed for at least 14 days to obtain a larger therapeutic population of TILs than obtained in step (ii), wherein the larger therapeutic population of TILs comprises an increased subpopulation of effector T cells and/or central memory T cells relative to the third population of TILs.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the cells from the cell culture medium in step (ii) are removed and cryopreserved in a storage medium prior to the additional second expansion.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the cells are thawed prior to the additional second expansion.
16. The method according to claim 12 , wherein step (ii) is repeated one to four times in order to obtain sufficient TILs in the therapeutic population of TILs for a therapeutically effective dosage of the TILs.
17. The method according to claim 16 , where the number of TILs sufficient for a therapeutically effective dosage is from about 1×10 9 to about 9×10 10 .
18. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the APCs are peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
19. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the effector T cells and/or central memory T cells exhibit one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of expression of CD27, expression of CD28, longer telomeres, increased CD57 expression, and decreased CD56 expression, relative to effector T cells and/or central memory T cells in the third population of cells.
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the effector T cells and/or central memory T cells exhibit increased CD57 expression and decreased CD56 expression.
21. A method according to claim 20 , wherein the effector T cells and/or central memory T cells exhibit an increase in the percentage of CD27+ and CD28+ cells.
22. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the third population of TILs is a therapeutic population of TILs which comprises an increased subpopulation of CD4+ TILs relative to the second population of TILs.