Feed ingredient
Disclosed is a process for producing a composition involving: (a) distilling fish oil in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a first residue and first distillate, and (b) distilling the first distillate in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a second distillate and a second residue that includes a composition containing cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Also disclosed is a process for producing a composition involving: (a) distilling fish oil in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a first residue and first distillate, (b) distilling the first distillate in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a second distillate and second residue containing cholesterol, (c) esterifying the second residue to obtain a mixture containing cholesterol esters, and (d) distilling the mixture in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a third distillate and a third residue that includes a composition containing cholesterol esters of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
1. A process for producing a composition comprising cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, comprising the steps of:
(a) distilling a fish oil in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a first residue and a first distillate, and
(b) distilling the first distillate in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a second distillate and a second residue,
wherein the second residue is a composition having a lower content of anthropogenic contaminants than the fish oil and comprises at least 20 wt. % of cholesterol and at least 15 wt. % of polyunsaturated fatty acids, based on 100% total weight of the composition, and
wherein the polyunsaturated fatty acids comprise eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, wherein in step (a) the fish oil is distilled in an admixture with an auxiliary fluid.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the auxiliary fluid to the fish oil in the admixture is about 1:100 to 10:100.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the vacuum distillation column is a short-path distillation column.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fish oil is fed into the vacuum distillation column in step (a) at a rate of 1 to 150 kg/h per m 2 of evaporator area.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the admixture is fed into the vacuum distillation column at a rate of 1 to 150 kg/h per m 2 of evaporator area.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step (a) is conducted at an evaporation temperature of 150 to 300° C. and a column pressure of 0.0001 to 0.5 mbar.
7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein step (a) is conducted at an evaporation temperature of 180 to 280° C. and a column pressure of 0.001 to 0.1 mbar.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first distillate is fed to a vacuum distillation column in step (b) at a rate of 10 to 350 kg/h per m 2 of evaporator area.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) is conducted at an evaporation temperature of 100 to 250° C. and a column pressure of 0.0001 to 0.5 mbar.
10. A process for producing a composition comprising cholesteryl esters of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, comprising the steps of:
a) distilling fish oil in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a first residue and a first distillate,
b) distilling the first distillate in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a second distillate and a second residue comprising cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid,
c) esterifying the second residue to obtain a mixture comprising cholesteryl esters, and
d) distilling the mixture comprising cholesterol esters in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a third distillate and a third residue,
wherein the third residue is a composition having a lower content of anthropogenic contaminants than the fish oil and comprises at least 50% by weight of cholesteryl esters, the cholesteryl esters comprising at least 20% by weight of cholesteryl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids, based on 100% total weight of the composition, and
wherein the cholesteryl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids comprise cholesteryl esters of eicosapentaenoic acid and cholesteryl esters of docosahexaenoic acid, wherein in step (a) the fish oil is distilled in an admixture with an auxiliary fluid.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the vacuum distillation column is a short-path distillation column.
12. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the fish oil is fed into the vacuum distillation column in step (a) at a rate of 1 to 150 kg/h per m 2 of evaporator area.
13. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the weight ratio of the auxiliary fluid to the fish oil in the admixture is about 1:100 to 10:100.
14. The process according to claim 10 , wherein step (a) is conducted at an evaporation temperature of 150 to 300° C. and a column pressure of 0.0001 to 0.5 mbar.
15. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the first distillate is fed into the vacuum distillation column in step (b) at a rate of 10 to 350 kg/h per m 2 of evaporator area.
16. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the admixture is fed to the vacuum distillation column in step (a) at a rate of 1 to 150 kg/h per m 2 of evaporator area.
17. The process according to claim 10 , wherein step (b) is conducted at an evaporation temperature of 100 to 250° C. and a column pressure of 0.0001 to 0.5 mbar.
18. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the second residue in step (b) is fed to a closed vessel at a pressure of less than 250 mbar and heated at a temperature of 50 to 200° C. for a period of time between 1 to 72 hours to obtain an esterified mixture.
19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the esterified mixture is fed to the vacuum distillation column at a rate of 50 to 300 kg/h per m 2 of evaporator area.
20. The process according to claim 10 , wherein step (d) is conducted at an evaporation temperature of 150 to 260° C. and a column pressure of 0.0001 mbar to 0.5 mbar.
21. A process for producing a composition comprising cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, comprising the steps of:
(a) distilling a fish oil in an admixture with an auxiliary fluid in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a first residue and a first distillate, and
(b) distilling the first distillate in a vacuum distillation column to obtain a second distillate and a second residue,
wherein
(i) the second residue is a composition having a lower content of anthropogenic contaminants than the fish oil and comprises at least 20 wt. % of cholesterol and at least 15 wt. % of polyunsaturated fatty acids, based on 100% total weight of the composition,
(ii) the polyunsaturated fatty acids comprise eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and
(iii) the auxiliary fluid is a fluid that distills at a temperature between about 150° C. and about 300° C. at a pressure of between about 0.0001 mbar and 5 mbar, and is miscible with cholesterol.
22. The process according to claim 21 , wherein the auxiliary fluid comprises one or more ethyl esters of fatty acids.
23. The process according to claim 22 , wherein the fatty acids are selected from myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and any combination thereof.