Superparamagnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites
The present invention is directed to the syntheses of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and the incorporation of the nanoparticles as the magnetic component to form a strongly magnetic nanocomposite. The superparamagnetic nanoparticles possess no hysteresis and are too small to support eddy currents. The invention uses a ligand exchange procedure to produce aminated nanoparticles that are then cross-linked using epoxy chemistry. The result is a magnetic nanoparticle component that is covalently linked and well separated. By using this ‘matrix-free’ approach, it is possible to substantially increase the magnetic nanoparticle fraction, while still maintaining good separation, leading to a superparamagnetic nanocomposite with strong magnetic properties and low magnetic losses.
1. A method to form a matrix-free superparamagnetic nanocomposite, comprising:
providing a plurality of superparamagnetic nanoparticles having a surfactant on the surface of the superparamagnetic nanoparticles,
exchanging the surfactant with an amine ligand comprising at least two amine groups to provide aminated nanoparticles that express an amine functionality,
reacting the aminated nanoparticles with an epoxy comprising at least two epoxide groups, and
curing the epoxy-reacted nanoparticles to provide a cross-linked epoxy network of covalent linkages between the superparamagnetic nanoparticles.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the superparamagnetic nanoparticles comprise iron, cobalt, nickel, or alloys thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the superparamagnetic nanoparticles are synthesized by a reversible agglomeration method.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine ligand comprises an alkyl or aromatic amine comprising two or more amine groups.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine ligand comprises a diamine or triamine.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine ligand comprises an alkyl diamine.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the alkyl diamine comprises diaminooctane or diaminododecane.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the epoxy comprises a triepoxide.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the triepoxide comprises N,N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline.