Porous stabilized beds, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same
Disclosed herein is a method comprising disposing a first particle in a reactor; the first particle being a magnetic particle or a particle that can be influenced by a magnetic field, an electric field or a combination of an electrical field and a magnetic field; fluidizing the first particle in the reactor; applying a uniform magnetic field, a uniform electrical field or a combination of a uniform magnetic field and a uniform electrical field to the reactor; elevating the temperature of the reactor; and fusing the first particles to form a monolithic solid.
1. A monolithic solid produced by the process comprising:
disposing a mixture of a plurality of first metal particles and second particles in a reactor, wherein first metal particles are magnetic particles and the second particles are not magnetic particles;
wherein the first particles have an average particle size of about 40 micrometers to about 100 micrometers, and the first particles are from about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % of the mixture;
wherein the second particles have an average particle size of about 20 micrometers to about 100 micrometers, and the second particles are from about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % of the mixture;
fluidizing the mixture in a reactor;
applying a magnetic field, an electrical field, or a combination of a magnetic field and an electrical field to the mixture; and
heating the mixture at a temperature of from about 300° C. to about 2,000° C. to produce the monolithic solid.
2. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the first metal particles comprise iron, cobalt, nickel or a combination comprising at least one of iron, cobalt or nickel.
3. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the first metal particles are in the form of aligned chains after the fusing.
4. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the second particle comprises an inorganic oxide, an inorganic carbide, an inorganic oxycarbide, an inorganic nitride, an inorganic oxynitride, a polymer or a combination thereof.
5. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the second particle is an inorganic oxide and is selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, iron oxide, and a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing inorganic oxides.
6. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the second particle comprises silica or activated carbon.
7. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the fluidizing is conducted using steam.
8. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the fluidizing is conducted using a flow rate of 0.01 to about 5 standard liters per minute.
9. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the first particles are from about 20 wt % to about 50 wt % of the mixture.
10. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the second particles are from about 50 wt % to about 80 wt % of the mixture.
11. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the first particles have an average particle size of about 75 micrometers to about 90 micrometers.
12. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the second particles have an average particle size of about 50 micrometers to about 75 micrometers.
13. The monolithic solid of claim 1 , wherein the second particles comprise silica or activated carbon having an average particle size of about 50 micrometers to about 75 micrometers, wherein the second particles are from about 50 wt % to about 80 wt % of the mixture.
14. The monolithic solid of claim 13 , wherein the first particles comprise silica or activated carbon having an average particle size of about 40 micrometers to about 100 micrometers, wherein the first particles are from about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % of the mixture.
15. The monolithic solid of claim 13 , wherein the first particles comprise silica or activated carbon having an average particle size of about 75 micrometers to about 90 micrometers, wherein the first particles are from about 20 wt % to about 50 wt % of the mixture.