Method for creating commodity assets from unrefined commodity reserves utilizing blockchain and distributed ledger technology
A method for creating an asset-backed distributed ledger token representing a smart contract, the token being backed by a pledge of an illiquid form of a precursor or means of production of a commodity asset, comprising receiving a pledge of unrefined or pre-commodity asset, digitizing the unrefined commodity asset into fractional representations of the commodity asset using smart contracts on a distributed ledger network, and allowing account holders access to the perform transactions on the distributed ledger network to trade the fractional representations under the terms of the smart contract.
1. A token system, employing a token representing an interest in a smart contract, the smart contract representing an agreement, secured by a security interest in real property or a right in real property, to return the token within a defined period, comprising:
an automated distributed virtual state machine, hosted by a plurality of cryptographic hardware processors, employing a distributed consensus model, and being configured to execute immutable transactions recorded on a blockchain, the blockchain having blocks which are created in accordance with a competitive consensus process;
automatically executable smart contract code which controls the automated distributed state machine, after the defined period of time, to permit exercise the security interest with respect to the real property or the right in the real property if the token is not returned; and
a communication port configured to interface with an automated distributed communication network, to communicate distributed consensus messages through the automated distributed communication network, to receive the returned token, and to communicate an immutable message for exercise of the security interest through the automated distributed communication network.
2. The token according to claim 1 , wherein the automated distributed state machine comprises an Ethereum virtual code machine.
3. The token according to claim 1 , wherein the executable smart contract code further permits tolling of the defined period of time for exercise of the security interest dependent on whether a substitute asset is tendered.
4. The token according to claim 3 , wherein the real property or a right in real property comprises a physical mine having proven available reserves of the substitute asset.
5. The token according to claim 1 , wherein the automated distributed virtual state machine charges a transaction fee for execution of the executable smart contract code.
6. The token according to claim 4 , wherein the proven available reserves are a predetermined multiple of the substitute asset.
7. The token according to claim 1 , wherein the token represents a fractional interest in the real property or a right in real property.
8. The token according to claim 1 , wherein the token is generated as a transaction of the automated distributed virtual state machine comprising a cryptographically-authenticated, distributed ledger having a database held and updated independently by each of a plurality of distributed processing elements, forming a consensus determination of transaction validity.
9. The token according to claim 1 , wherein the blockchain comprises a transaction list and a state of the smart contract.
10. A method of transacting with a token, comprising:
defining an executable smart contract, representing an agreement, secured by a security interest in real property or a right in real property, to return the token within a defined period of time, the executable smart contract being executed on an automated distributed virtual state machine, hosted by a plurality of cryptographic hardware processors, employing a competitive distributed consensus model which produces immutable blocks, and being configured to execute immutable transactions recorded on a blockchain comprising a series of the immutable blocks;
pledging the real property or a right in real property as the security interest to secure the smart contract;
issuing the token and recording issuance of the token by the on the blockchain;
controlling the automated distributed state machine in accordance with the executable smart contract to extinguish the token and the security interest when the token is tendered for return; and
controlling the automated distributed state machine in accordance with the executable smart contract to, after the defined period of time, communicate a message authorizing exercise of the security interest with respect to the real property or the right in the real property if the token is not returned.
11. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising returning the token, and releasing the real property or a right in real property from the security interest.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the smart contract is implemented in conjunction with a distributed ledger, wherein the distributed virtual state machine charges a transaction fee for execution of the executable smart contract code.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein:
the token comprises a fractional interest in the real property or a right in real property,
the define period of time is tolled if a substitute asset is tendered,
the real property or a right in real property comprises a mine having proven available reserves of the substitute asset, and
wherein the proven available reserves are a predetermined multiple of the substitute asset.
14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the distributed virtual state machine is Turing complete, and the executable smart contract has a predefined maximum number of executable instructions.
15. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the token is generated as a transaction recorded on the blockchain, and the blockchain comprises a cryptographically-authenticated, distributed ledger held and updated independently by each of a plurality of distributed computing elements, the method further comprising forming a consensus determination of transaction validity.
16. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising exercising the security interest in the real property or a right in real property after the defined period of time if the token is not returned.
17. A method for creating a liquid token representation from an illiquid asset comprising:
receiving a pledge of an illiquid asset; and
digitizing the illiquid asset into fractional representations;
issuing a token representing the fractional representations, subject to an executable smart contract executed on a distributed virtual state machine, hosted by a plurality of cryptographic hardware processors, employing a distributed consensus model, and being configured to execute immutable transactions recorded on a blockchain, the fractional representations being secured by the pledge of the illiquid asset as collateral;
controlling the immutable distributed state machine in accordance with the executable smart contract to extinguish the token and the security interest upon return of the liquid token; and
controlling the immutable distributed state machine in accordance with the executable smart contract to, after the defined period of time, communicate a message authorizing exercise of the pledge of the illiquid asset as security for the outstanding liquid token.
18. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising trading a fractional representation on an exchange, recorded in a distributed ledger network.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the smart contract comprises an illiquid asset description, an identification of an illiquid asset owner, and at least one redemption rule.
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the at least one redemption rule comprises a maturity date establishing the defined period of time and a tolling rule for the delaying the maturity date, wherein a satisfaction of the at least one redemption rule triggers a release of the pledged illiquid asset back to the illiquid asset owner in exchange for return of all of the original fractional representations or substitute collateral.