Package for flip-chip LEDs with close spacing of LED chips
An emitter for an LED-based lighting device can incorporate “flip-chip” LEDs, in which all electrical contacts are disposed on the bottom surface of the chip. The emitter base can be a multilayer high-temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) substrate, with metal traces formed between the layers and vias through the layers to join traces in different layers, thereby providing electrical connectivity to each LED. The paths can be arranged such that current can be supplied independently to different subsets of the LEDs. The top layer of the emitter base is fabricated with exposed vias at the top surface. Metal pads are then printed onto the exposed vias on the top surface, and flip-chip LEDs are bonded to the metal pads, e.g., using solder.
1. A method for fabricating an emitter for an LED-based lighting device, the method comprising:
fabricating a substrate base having a plurality of layers of high-temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) material, a plurality of metal paths disposed between the layers, and a plurality of vias interconnecting the plurality of metal paths;
polishing and cleaning a top surface of the substrate base, wherein top ends of a subset of the plurality of vias are exposed at the top surface;
after polishing and cleaning the top surface of the substrate base, printing a plurality of metal pads on the top surface of the substrate base such that at least some of the metal pads are printed onto the top ends of the subset of the plurality of vias;
bonding a plurality of LEDs to the at least some of the metal pads, wherein at least one of the plurality of LEDs is a flip-chip LED; and
adding a superstructure made of HTCC after polishing and cleaning the top surface of the substrate base, wherein the superstructure is disposed on the top surface of the substrate base around an area containing the LEDs.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least four of the plurality of LEDs are flip-chip LEDs.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein all of the plurality of LEDs are flip-chip LEDs.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of LEDs includes a first plurality of central LEDs and a second plurality of peripheral LEDs disposed around the first plurality of central LEDs, wherein at least the central LEDs are flip-chip LEDs.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the peripheral LEDs are also flip-chip LEDs.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the peripheral LEDs have top-side wire bonding pads and wherein bonding the plurality of LEDs to the at least some of the metal pads includes connecting wire bonds between the top-side wire bonding pads and a subset of the metal pads.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the superstructure is added after bonding the plurality of LEDs to the at least some of the metal pads.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
placing and sealing a transparent cover over the plurality of LEDs.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of metal paths and the plurality of vias are arranged to connect the plurality of LEDs into two or more independently addressable groups of LEDs wherein each independently addressable group of LEDs includes at least one LED.
10. An emitter comprising:
a substrate base that includes a plurality of layers of high-temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) material, a plurality of metal paths disposed between the layers, and a plurality of vias through the layers and interconnecting the plurality of metal paths, wherein at least some of the vias have top ends that extend through a top layer of the plurality of layers of HTCC material;
a plurality of metal pads printed onto the top layer and covering the top ends of the at least some of the vias, wherein the metal pads are printed onto the top layer after fabrication of the substrate base;
a plurality of LEDs bonded to the metal pads, the plurality of LEDs including a first plurality of central LEDs and a second plurality of peripheral LEDs, wherein at least the central LEDs are flip-chip LEDs,
wherein none of the metal pads are disposed in an area between the LEDs; and
a superstructure made of high-temperature co-fired ceramic, wherein the superstructure is disposed on top of the substrate base around an area containing the LEDs.
11. The emitter of claim 10 wherein adjacent ones of the LEDs are spaced apart by a distance of 20 μm or less.
12. The emitter of claim 10 wherein the LEDs are arranged along a grid and adjacent ones of the LEDs are spaced apart by a distance of 20 μm or less.
13. The emitter of claim 12 wherein the plurality of LEDs includes at least sixteen LEDs.
14. The emitter of claim 10 wherein all of the LEDs are flip-chip LEDs.
15. The emitter of claim 10 wherein at least some of the peripheral LEDs have at least one top-side wire bonding pad.
16. The emitter of claim 10 wherein:
at least one of the peripheral LEDs has a top-side wire bonding pad;
the plurality of metal pads includes at least a first metal pad disposed outside a periphery of an area occupied by the LEDs; and
the top-side wire bonding pad is wire-bonded to the first metal pad.
17. The emitter of claim 10 further comprising:
an optically transparent cover attached to the superstructure and overlying the area occupied by the LEDs.
18. The emitter of claim 10 wherein the plurality of metal paths and the plurality of vias are arranged to connect the plurality of LEDs into two or more independently addressable groups of LEDs wherein each independently addressable group of LEDs includes at least one LED.
19. An emitter comprising:
a substrate base that includes a plurality of layers of high-temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) material, a plurality of metal paths disposed between the layers, and a plurality of vias through the layers and interconnecting the plurality of metal paths, wherein at least some of the vias have top ends that extend through a top layer of the plurality of layers of HTCC material;
a plurality of metal pads printed onto the top layer and covering the top ends of the at least some of the vias, wherein the metal pads are printed onto the top layer after fabrication of the substrate base; and
a plurality of LEDs bonded to the metal pads, the plurality of LEDs including a first plurality of central LEDs and a second plurality of peripheral LEDs, wherein the central LEDs are flip-chip LEDs and wherein the peripheral LEDs have top-side wire bonding pads that are wire-bonded to a subset of the metal pads,
wherein none of the metal pads are disposed in an area between the LEDs.
20. The emitter of claim 19 further comprising:
a superstructure made of high temperature co fired ceramic, wherein the superstructure is disposed on top of the substrate base around an area containing the LEDs; and
an optically transparent cover attached to the superstructure and overlying the area occupied by the LEDs.