Composition and method of forming the same
A composition comprises the reaction product of a dithiophosphate derivative and an amine. The reaction product is present in the composition in an amount of at least about 25 wt. %. The composition may include additional components. A method of forming the composition comprises the step of combining the dithiophosphate derivative and the amine to form the composition. A method of increasing thermal stability of a dithiophosphate derivative comprises the step of combining the dithiophosphate derivative and an amine. The dithiophosphate derivative can decompose to form hydrogen sulfide (H2S). However, the amine substantially prevents thermal decomposition of the dithiophosphate derivative. An example of the dithiophosphate derivative is 3-(di-isobutoxy-thiophosphorylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-propanoic acid. An example of the amine is ditridecyl amine. The composition can be used for a variety of applications. For example, the composition can be used as an antiwear compound/additive in lubricants, metalworking fluids, hydraulic fluids, etc.
1. A composition comprising: a reaction product of:
a dithiophosphate derivative of general formula (I):
wherein R1 and R2 independently of one another are C3-C18 alkyl, C5-C12 cycloalkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkylmethyl, C9-C10 bicycloalkylmethyl, C9-C10 tricycloalkylmethyl, phenyl, or C7-C24 alkylphenyl, alternatively R1 and R2 together are (CH3)2C(CH2)2; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; and the sum of n+m is at least 1, and
an amine having a molecular weight of less than 2,250 Da;
wherein the reaction product comprises index ranging from 0.25 to 2.0; and
wherein the composition meets Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Standard 29 CFR 1910.1000, TABLE Z-2 for hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) exposure which requires that exposures not exceed 20 parts per million (ppm) subject to an exception that if no other measurable exposure occurs during an 8-hour work shift, exposures may exceed 20 ppm, but not more than 50 ppm, for a single time period up to 10 minutes.
2. The composition as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the reaction product is present in an amount of at least about 50 wt. % based on total weight of the composition.
3. The composition as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the reaction product is present in an amount of at least about 25 wt. % based on total weight of the composition.
4. The composition as set forth in claim 1 , wherein R1 and R2 independently of one another are C3-C18 alkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkyl, or C7-C18 alkylphenyl.
5. The composition as set forth in claim 1 , wherein R3 is hydrogen and the sum of n+m is from 1 to 25.
6. The composition as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said dithiophosphate derivative is β-dithiophosphorylated propionic acid.
7. The composition as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising free dithiophosphate derivative.
8. The composition as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the free dithiophosphate derivative is present in the composition in an amount of from about 1 to about 75 wt %, based on total weight of the composition.
9. The composition as set forth in claim 1 as an antiwear additive.
10. The composition as set forth in claim 9 , further comprising solvents, base oils, moisture scavengers, desiccants, antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, dispersants, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, other antiwear additives, and combinations thereof.
11. A method of forming the composition as set forth in claim 1 , said method comprising a step of combining the dithiophosphate derivative and the amine to form the composition.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine is a polyamine.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine is a polyamine polyisobutene.
14. A method of increasing thermal stability of a dithiophosphate derivative that decomposes to form hydrogen sulfide (H2S), said method comprising a step of combining
a dithiophosphate derivative of general formula (I):
wherein R1 and R2 independently of one another are C3-C18 alkyl, C5-C12 cycloalkyl, C5-C6 cycloalkylmethyl, C9-C10 bicycloalkylmethyl, C9-C10 tricycloalkylmethyl, phenyl, or C7-C24 alkylphenyl, alternatively R1 and R2 together are (CH3)2C(CH2)2; R3 is hydrogen or methyl; and the sum of n+m is at least 1, and
an amine having a molecular weight of less than 2,250 Da
to form a reaction product of the dithiophosphate derivative and of the amine at an index ranging from 0.25 to 2.0;
wherein the amine substantially prevents thermal decomposition of the dithiophosphate derivative, and
wherein after the step of combining, H 2 S exposure from the dithiophosphate derivative does not exceed 10 ppm (15 mg/m 3 ).
15. The method as set forth in claim 14 , wherein a decomposition temperature of the dithiophosphate derivative is at least about 60° C.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the amine is a polyamine.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the amine is a polyamine polyisobutene.