Apparatus and method for forming 3-dimensional holographic image using aperiodically structured optical elements

1. A three-dimensional (3D) holographic image apparatus, comprising:

a light source configured to radiate light;

a spatial light modulator configured to modulate the light projected by the light source; and

a non-periodic optical element configured to modulate incident light by refracting, diffracting or reflecting a direction of the incident light in a plurality of directions when the light modulated by the spatial light modulator is incident, wherein the optical elements of the non-periodic optical element are physically non-periodically arranged but not randomly arranged, and wherein the non-periodic optical element includes at least one of a pinhole array in which pinholes have been physically arranged in a predefined non-periodical way, and a holographic optical element, and

wherein a 3D holographic image is formed based on the light modulated by the non-periodic optical element.

2. The 3D holographic image apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the formed 3D holographic image comprises a 3D image having a greater space-bandwidth product than a space-bandwidth product corresponding to the number of pixels of the spatial light modulator.

3. The 3D holographic image apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a computation unit configured to compute an incident pattern of the spatial light modulator based on image information of the 3D holographic image to be formed and optical characteristics of the non-periodic optical element.

4. The 3D holographic image apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the computation unit computes the incident pattern of the spatial light modulator based on a linear response function algorithm or an iterative algorithm.

5. The 3D holographic image apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the spatial light modulator modulates a wave front or pattern of the light projected by the light source so that the light projected by the light source becomes the incident pattern corresponding to the pattern of the spatial light modulator.

6. The 3D holographic image apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the non-periodic optical element forms the 3D holographic image having a desired wave front or pattern by transmitting light modulated to have a pattern corresponding to the incident pattern of the spatial light modulator.

7. The 3D holographic image apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the non-periodic optical element expands a size and field of view of an image corresponding to the light modulated by the spatial light modulator.

8. The 3D holographic image apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the non-periodic optical elements and pixels of the spatial light modulator are configured to correspond to each other in a one-to-one manner.

9. The 3D holographic image apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the non-periodic optical element expands a space and a bandwidth represented by the spatial light modulator by increasing an optical mode corresponding to the number of pixels of the spatial light modulator of electromagnetic waves.

10. A three-dimensional (3D) holographic image method, comprising steps of:

modulating light projected from a light source by a spatial light modulator; and

making incident the modulated light on a non-periodic optical element and modulating the incident light by refracting, diffracting or reflecting a direction of the incident light in a plurality of directions, wherein the optical elements of the non-periodic optical element are physically non-periodically arranged but not randomly arranged, and wherein the non-periodic optical element comprises at least one of a pinhole array in which pinholes have been arranged in a predefined non-periodical way, and a holographic optical element, and

wherein a 3D holographic image is formed based on the light modulated by the non-periodic optical element.

11. The 3D holographic image method of claim 10 , wherein the formed 3D holographic image comprises a 3D image having a greater space-bandwidth product than a space-bandwidth product corresponding to the number of pixels of the spatial light modulator.

12. The 3D holographic image method of claim 10 , further comprising the step of computing an incident pattern of the spatial light modulator based on image information of the 3D holographic image to be formed and optical characteristics of the non-periodic optical element.

13. The 3D holographic image method of claim 12 , wherein the step of computing the incident pattern comprises computing the incident pattern of the spatial light modulator based on a linear response function algorithm or an iterative algorithm.

14. The 3D holographic image method of claim 12 , wherein the step of modulating the light projected onto the spatial light modulator comprises modulating a wave front or pattern of the light projected by the light source so that the light projected by the light source becomes the incident pattern of the spatial light modulator.

15. The 3D holographic image method of claim 14 , wherein the step of modulating the incident light comprises forming the 3D holographic image having a desired wave front or pattern by transmitting light modulated to have a pattern corresponding to the incident pattern of the spatial light modulator.

16. The 3D holographic image method of claim 10 , wherein the step of modulating the incident light comprises modulating the incident light by expanding a size and field of view of an image corresponding to the light modulated by the spatial light modulator.

17. The 3D holographic image method of claim 10 , wherein the non-periodic optical elements and pixels of the spatial light modulator are configured to correspond to each other in a one-to-one manner.

18. The 3D holographic image method of claim 10 , wherein the step of modulating the incident light comprises modulating the incident light by increasing an optical mode corresponding to a number of pixels of the spatial light modulator of electromagnetic waves so that a space bandwidth represented by the spatial light modulator is expanded.