Heat transfer/storage fluids and systems that utilize such fluids
Heat transfer/storage fluids that are resistant to oxidation in air at elevated temperatures, and systems that utilize such heat transfer/storage fluids, for example, as part of a concentrating solar power (CSP) system or other electricity-generating systems. The heat transfer/storage fluid is a molten chloride solution comprising two or more chlorides selected from the group consisting of CaCl 2 , SrCl 2 , BaCl 2 , NaCl, and KCl.
1. A system comprising containment equipment and a heat transfer/storage fluid that is transported or stored within the containment equipment and exposed to air and temperatures of greater than 550° C. within the system, the heat transfer/storage fluid being a molten salt solution of calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and barium chloride or calcium chloride, sodium chloride, barium chloride, and potassium chloride, and wherein the molten salt solution has a liquidus temperature of about 450° C. or less.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is a heat transfer system or a thermal energy storage system or part of an electricity-generating system and the heat transfer/storage fluid is a heat transfer fluid or a thermal energy storage fluid.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the electricity-generating system is a concentrating solar power system or a nuclear power system or a fossil-fuel-based power system or a hydrothermal power system.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer/storage fluid is in contact with a containment material of the containment equipment, and the containment material is an iron-containing material or a nickel-containing material or a chromium-containing material or an aluminum-containing material or a silicon-containing material.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer/storage fluid is in contact with a containment material of the containment equipment, and the containment material is an oxide-bearing material, wherein the oxide-bearing material is selected from the group consisting of one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, phosphorus oxide, and yttrium oxide.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer/storage fluid is in contact with a corrosion-resistant containment material of the containment equipment, and the containment material exhibits a recession rate of less than 30 microns per year while in contact with the heat transfer/storage fluid in air at a temperature of at least 550° C.