Methods of designing programmable inducible promoters

1. A method of identifying a synthetic inducible promoter, comprising

in vitro selecting a first population of polynucleotides that bind to a DNA binding protein to produce an enriched polynucleotide library by

providing an unselected polynucleotide library comprising a plurality of random degeneracies over one or more regions of a 12 to 40 base pair polynucleotide sequence, and

selecting from the unselected polynucleotide library a plurality of polynucleotide sequences that bind the DNA binding protein to provide the enriched polynucleotide library;

in vivo selecting from the enriched polynucleotide library a second population of polynucleotides that repress or induce production of a reporter protein to produce an induced promoter library by

operably linking the enriched polynucleotide library to a ribosome binding site and a reporter gene to provide a plurality of reporter vectors,

transforming the plurality of reporter vectors into a host strain which co-expresses the DNA binding protein, and growing the host strain provide a culture, and

dividing the culture into two split cultures and adding an inducer molecule for the DNA binding protein into one of the two split cultures to provide a non-induced culture and an induced culture, and

sorting a control culture transformed with the plurality of reporter vectors with no DNA binding protein expression, the non-induced culture, and the induced culture by reporter protein intensity, to provide a sorted control culture, a sorted non-induced culture, and a sorted induced culture, and

binning the sorted control culture, the sorted non-induced culture and the sorted induced culture to produce one or more control gates, one or more non-induced gates and one or more induced gates, wherein the one or more control gates comprises a control promoter library, the one or more non-induced gates comprises a non-induced promoter library, and the one or more induced gates comprises the induced promoter library, wherein a gate is a culture portion comprising a plurality of promoters of specified reporter intensities;

sequencing and analyzing the control promoter library, the non-induced promoter library and the induced promoter library by

culturing and then amplifying the control promoter library, the non-induced promoter library and the induced promoter library, to provide an amplified control promoter library, an amplified non-induced promoter library and an amplified induced promoter library,

quantitatively next generation sequencing the amplified control promoter library, the amplified non-induced promoter library, and the amplified induced promoter library to provide a plurality of sequenced promoters,

providing a control metric, a non-induced metric, and/or an induced metric for at least a portion of the plurality of sequenced promoters based upon identification of each of the at least a portion of the plurality of sequenced promoters in the control promoter library, the non-induced promoter library and/or the induced promoter library,

determining, from the control metric, the non-induced metric and the induced metric for each of the at least a portion of the plurality of sequenced promoters an induction/repression property, and

providing an induction table including each of the at least a portion of the plurality of sequenced promoters comprising the promoter sequence and the control metric, non-induced metric, and induced metric, wherein the control metric, non-induced metric, and induced metric provide an induction/repression property of the promoter sequence for the DNA binding protein and the inducer molecule;

and

selecting, based upon the induction table, a synthetic promoter having a specified induction and/or repression for the DNA binding protein and the inducer molecule.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA binding protein is an allosteric transcription factor, an allosteric activator, a signaling protein, or a eukaryotic nuclear receptor.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the allosteric activator comprises LysR, AtzR, IlvY, MetR, MdcR, CysB, AraC, XylS, RhaR, UreR, LuxR, AhyR, QscR, HapR, Lrp, AsnC, LrpA, LrpC, Crp, FnR, Vfr, IclR, RexZ, SsfR, MerR, BltR, BmrR, Mta, CueR, ZntR, PbrR, or DhaS.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting from the unselected promoter library a plurality of promoter sequences that bind the DNA binding protein to provide the first enriched promoter library comprises a pull-down method using an affinity tagged DNA binding protein, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay using an radioactive or fluorescent labeled unselected promoter library, or a protein-binding microarray.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reporter is GFP or FbFP.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA binding protein is an allosteric transcription factor that is from an LTTR family, an AraC/XylS family, a DeoR family, a DtxR family, a Fur family, a GntR family, an LuxR family, an Lrp/AsnC family, a Crp/Fnr family, an IclR family, a MerR family, a MarR family, a LacI/GalR, a TetR family, a transcription factor associated with amino acid metabolism, a prokaryotic two-component transcription factor, or a eukaryotic nuclear receptor transcription factor.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA binding protein is an allosteric transcription factor that is CmeR, CymR, DesT, LmeA, NalC, PmeR, QacR, RolR, SmeT, TetR, or TtgR.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enriched polynucleotide library is downstream of a −10 site, upstream of a −35 site, or overlaps these sites in the reporter vectors.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enriched polynucleotide library is operably linked to a transcription regulatory site.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the transcription regulatory site is a TATA box.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein multiple polynucleotide libraries are operably linked to the ribosome binding site and the reporter gene.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inducer is a sugar molecule, a metallic ion, an antimicrobial agent, a dye, a flavonoid, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inducer is lactose, IPTG, L-arabinose, maltose, trehalose, glucose-6P, glycerol-P, glucitol, fucose, L-ascorbate, deoxyribonucleoside, inositol, fructose, Hg(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Au(I), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), anhydrotetracyclin, chloramphenicol, resorcinol, proflavine, rifamycin, actinorhodin, simocyclinone D8, triclosan, ethidium, rhodamine6G, tetraphenylphosponim, quercetin, fisetin, galangin, phlorotin, naringenin, cetachin, coumestrol, stearate, Oleate, c-d-AMP, cholate, salicylate, a glucocorticoid, or an estrogen mineralocorticoid.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gate comprising a plurality of promoters of specified reporter intensities is selected by florescent-activated-cell-sorting.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the host strain comprises organisms of the genus Escherichia, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Caulohacter, Streptococcus, Thermus, Streptomyces, Mycoplasma, Aliivibrio, Synechocystis, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Zymomonas, Saccharomyces, Yarrowia, Pichia , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

16. A biosensor comprising a synthetic promoter identified by the process of claim 1 , wherein the biosensor is responsive to the concentration of the inducer molecule.

17. The biosensor of claim 16 , wherein the synthetic promoter does not comprise the sequence bound by the DNA binding protein in nature.