Organic electroluminescent materials and devices
Organometallic compounds comprising an imidazole carbene ligand having a N-containing ring fused to the imidazole ring are provided. In particular, the N-containing ring fused to the imidazole ring may contain one nitrogen atom or more than one nitrogen atom. These compounds may demonstrate high photoluminescent (PL) efficiency, Gaussian emission spectra, and/or short excited state lifetimes. These materials may be especially useful as blue phosphorescent emitters.
1. A compound comprising a ligand L having the formula:
wherein A is a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
wherein R 2 and R A may represent mono, di, tri or tetra substitutions;
wherein each of R 1 , R 2 and R A is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;
wherein two adjacent substituents of R 2 and R A are optionally joined to form a fused ring;
wherein each of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of C and N;
wherein at least two of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are N;
wherein the ligand L is coordinated to a metal M having an atomic number greater than 40;
wherein the bidentate ligand may be linked with other ligands to comprise a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate or hexadentate ligand; and
wherein the compound is heteroleptic; and
wherein at least one of the following is true:
(i) R 1 is selected from the group consisting of halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, combinations thereof, and partially or fully deuterated variations thereof, and
(ii) R A is an electron donating group with a Hammett sigma constant less than 0.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is benzene.
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the metal M is Ir or Pt.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is alkyl or cycloalkyl.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is aryl.
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R A is an electron donating group with a Hammett sigma constant less than 0.
7. The compound of claim 6 , wherein R A is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, arylamino, alkylamino, aryloxyl, and alkyloxyl.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the ligand L is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R 3 may represent mono, di, tri or tetra substitutions;
wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein two adjacent substituents of R 3 are optionally joined to form a fused ring.
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein L′ is a different ligand; and
wherein m is 1, or 2.
10. The compound of claim 9 , wherein L′ is a monoanionic bidentate ligand.
11. The compound of claim 9 , wherein L′ is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R a , R b , and R c may represent mono, di, tri or tetra substitutions;
wherein R a , R b , and R c are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof; and
wherein two adjacent substituents of R a , R b , and R c are optionally joined to form a fused ring.
12. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
13. A first device comprising an organic light emitting device, further comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer further comprises a compound comprising a ligand L having the formula:
wherein A is a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
wherein R 2 and R A may represent mono, di, tri or tetra substitutions;
wherein each of R 1 , R 2 and R A is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;
wherein two adjacent substituents of R 2 and R A are optionally joined to form a fused ring;
wherein each of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of C and N;
wherein at least two of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are N;
wherein the ligand L is coordinated to a metal M having an atomic number greater than 40;
wherein the bidentate ligand may be linked with other ligands to comprise a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate or hexadentate ligand; and
wherein the compound is heteroleptic; and
wherein at least one of the following is true:
(i) R 1 is selected from the group consisting of halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, combinations thereof, and partially or fully deuterated variations thereof, and
(ii) R A is an electron donating group with a Hammett sigma constant less than 0.
14. The first device of claim 13 , wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound comprising the ligand L is an emissive dopant.
15. The first device of claim 14 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a host, comprising at least one of the chemical groups selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each of R′″ 1 and R′″ 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, halide, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, silyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acids, ester, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, phosphino, and combinations thereof;
wherein k is an integer from 0 to 20; and
wherein each of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of CH and N.
16. The first device of claim 13 , wherein the first device is selected from the group consisting of an organic light emitting device and a consumer product.
17. A first device comprising an organic light emitting device, comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of: