Flexible pyrolysis system and method
Examples of a flexible pyrolysis system are provided that include at least one reaction chamber capable of pyrolyzing a combination of coal in a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) atmosphere. The system includes a recuperating and condensing circuit that removes dissolved pyrolysis products from the supercritical CO 2 atmosphere and then recovers CO 2 for reuse in the reaction chamber. The recuperating and condensing circuit includes multiple stages of recuperators and collectors that can be independently controlled in order to selectively fractionate the pyrolysis products. In addition, the pyrolysis reaction may be controlled to alter the pyrolysis products generated.
1. A system for pyrolyzing coal comprising:
at least one reaction chamber capable of pyrolyzing a combination of coal in a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) atmosphere; and
a recuperating and condensing circuit that removes at least some dissolved pyrolysis products from the supercritical CO 2 atmosphere and then recovers CO 2 for reuse in the reaction chamber;
wherein the recuperating and condensing circuit includes one or more recuperator/collector stages, each recuperator/collector stage having a heat exchanger and condensate collector connected to receive CO 2 atmosphere from the reaction chamber as a CO 2 process stream, transfer heat from the CO 2 process stream to a CO 2 return stream to obtain a cooled CO 2 process stream, and condense and collect pyrolysis products from the cooled CO 2 process stream.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the reaction chamber is capable of heating the combination to at least 350° C. at a pressure up to from 7-30 MPa.
3. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
an additive injection system that injects one or more additives into the CO 2 return stream.
4. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a bypass system including a plurality of process stream bypass valves that distributes the flow of the CO 2 process stream to the one or more recuperator/collector stages; and
a controller that controls the plurality of process stream bypass valves, thereby controlling the flow of the CO 2 process stream to the one or more recuperator/collector stages.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the bypass system further includes a plurality of return stream bypass valves that distributes the flow of the CO 2 return stream to the one or more recuperator/collector stages.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the controller controls the plurality of return stream bypass valves, thereby controlling the flow of the CO 2 return stream to the one or more recuperator/collector stages.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein the controller determines a condensate fraction collected by at least one of the recuperator/collector stages by controlling, via the bypass system, the flow of the CO 2 process stream and the CO 2 return stream through the recuperator/collector stages.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein the controller determines the condensate fraction collected by the at least one of the recuperator/collector stages based on a predetermined goal.
9. The system of claim 7 wherein the controller determines the condensate fraction collected by the at least one of the recuperator/collector stages based on information received from one or more temperature sensors monitoring temperature at one or more points in the recuperating and condensing circuit.
10. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a heat source that provides thermal energy to the CO 2 atmosphere prior to delivery of the CO 2 atmosphere to the reaction chamber.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the heat source is a nuclear reactor.