Randomized time-interleaved digital-to-analog converters
A time-interleaved digital-to-analog converter (DAC) uses M DAC cores to convert a digital input signal whose digital input words are spread to different DAC cores to produce a final analog outputs. The M DAC cores, operating in a time-interleaved fashion, can increase the sampling rate several times compared to the sampling rate of just one DAC. However, sequential time-interleaving DAC cores often exhibit undesirable spurs at the output. To spread those spurs to the noise floor, the time-interleaving DAC cores can be selected at a pseudo randomized manner or in a specific manner which can break up the sequential or periodic manner of selecting the DAC cores.
1. A randomized time-interleaved digital-to-analog converter (DAC), comprising:
at least two groups of DAC cores, wherein:
each group includes three or more DAC cores; and
sets of digital words are provided sequentially to the groups of DAC cores; and
each group of DAC cores comprises an input data interleaver to distribute a received set of digital words in a randomized time-interleaved manner to the DAC cores; and
output circuitry to combine analog outputs of the groups of DAC cores.
2. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
each group of DAC cores comprises a selection signal generator to generate a random selection signal; and
the random selection signal selects one DAC core in the group of DAC core to perform conversion for a given period.
3. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 2 , wherein the random selection signal controls a multiplexer of the input data interleaver.
4. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
for some time periods, first DAC cores of a first group of DAC cores convert a first received set of digital words in a sequential time-interleaved manner; and
for some other time periods selected at random, the first DAC cores convert a second received set of digital words in a randomized time-interleaved manner.
5. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
for some time periods, first DAC cores of a first group of DAC cores convert a first received set of digital words in a sequential time-interleaved manner; and
for some other periods selected based on a frequency, the first DAC cores convert a second received set of digital words in a randomized time-interleaved manner.
6. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the groups of DAC cores is disabled from being used for data conversion in response to a signal indicating a randomization mode.
7. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
each group of DAC cores comprises a selection signal generator, the selection signal generator comprising randomization logic;
the DAC cores within each group converts the received set of digital words in a round robin fashion based on a pointer identifying a starting DAC core; and
the randomization logic implements randomization by changing the pointer to the starting DAC core to another DAC core.
8. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
each group of DAC cores comprises a selection signal generator, the selection signal generator comprising randomization logic;
the DAC cores within each group converts the received set of digital words in a round robin fashion in a first direction of rotation; and
the randomization logic implements randomization by changing the first direction of rotation to a second direction of rotation at randomized time instants.
9. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
each group of DAC cores comprises a selection signal generator, the selection signal generator comprising randomization logic; and
the randomization logic changes an amount of randomization in the randomized time-interleaved DAC in response to a signal indicating a randomization mode.
10. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
the randomized time-interleaved DAC further comprises one or more sensors;
each group of DAC cores comprises a selection signal generator comprising randomization logic; and
the randomization logic changes an amount of randomization in the randomized time-interleaved DAC in response to a control signal from the one or more sensors.
11. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
each group of DAC cores comprises a selection signal generator, the selection signal generator comprising randomization logic;
the randomization logic changes an amount of randomization in the randomized time-interleaved DAC in response to a signal indicating a randomization mode;
the randomization mode is selected based on one or more characteristics of a digital input signal to the randomized time-interleaved DAC; and
the one or more characteristics includes one or more of: bandwidth, frequency, amplitude, and amount of noise.
12. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
each group of DAC cores comprises a selection signal generator;
the selection signal generator comprises logic receiving a signal indicating mode; and
the selection signal generator generates signals to control a period of time each DAC core in the group of DAC cores is busy until the DAC core can perform conversion again to affect an amount of randomization in the group of DAC cores based on the signal indicating mode.
13. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 1 , wherein:
the output circuitry comprises switches; and
the switches selects and steers an output of a DAC core towards an output of the randomized time-interleaved DAC.
14. A randomized time-interleaved digital-to-analog converter (DAC), comprising:
at least three groups of DAC cores, wherein each group includes two or more DAC cores;
output circuitry to combine analog outputs of the groups of DAC cores; and
an input data interleaver to randomize selection of a group of DAC cores to convert a next set of digital words;
wherein the DAC cores within a group of DAC cores sequentially converts a set of digital words received by the group of DAC cores in a time-interleaved fashion.
15. The randomized time-interleaved DAC of claim 14 , wherein one or more of the groups of DAC cores is disabled from being used for data conversion in response to a selected randomization mode.
16. A method for reducing interleaving spurs of time-interleaved digital-to-analog converter (DAC) cores, the method comprising:
receiving digital input by a DAC, wherein the digital input comprises a first set of digital words and a second set of digital words following the first set of digital words;
providing the first set of digital words to a first group of at least three first DAC cores;
providing the second set of digital words to a second group of at least three second DAC cores;
distributing the first set of digital words to the first DAC cores according to a first randomized sequence; and
combining analog outputs of the first group of DAC cores and analog outputs of the second group of DAC cores.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
distributing the second set of digital words to the second DAC cores according to a second randomized sequence.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
receiving a signal indicating mode; and
adjusting a randomization method used to determine the first randomized sequence based on the mode.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
receiving a signal indicating mode; and
adjusting an amount of randomization in the first randomized sequence based on the mode.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein combining the analog outputs of the first group of DAC cores and the analog outputs of the second group of DAC cores comprises:
steering valid outputs of the first group of DAC cores towards an output of the time-interleaved DAC based on the first randomized sequence.