Multi-layered sintered bushings and bearings
A bushing formed of different alloys selected to accommodate different operating conditions is provided. For example, the bushing could include an iron-based alloy in a portion of the bushing exposed to lower temperatures, and a cobalt-based alloy in a portion of the bushing exposed to higher temperatures. The first and second alloys could be axially or radially aligned. The iron based alloy includes 10 to 30 wt % Cr, 0 to 21 wt % Ni, 0 to 10 wt % Mo, 0 to 5 wt % W, 0 to 3 wt % C, 0 to 4 wt % V, 0 to 20 wt % Co, and a balance of Fe; and the cobalt based alloy includes 10 to 30 wt % Cr, 5 to 21 wt % Ni, 0 to 10 wt % Mo, 0 to 10 wt % W, 0 to 3 wt % V, 0.5 to 3 wt % C, and a balance of Co.
1. A bushing, comprising:
a body extending axially along a longitudinal axis between opposite ends and radially from an outer surface to an inner surface,
said body including a first material and a second material different from said first material, and
said first material is an iron-based material including 10 to 30 wt % Cr, 0 to 21 wt % Ni, 0 to 10 wt % Mo, 0 to 5 wt % W, 0 to 3 wt % C, 0 to 4 wt % V, 0 to 20 wt % Co, and Fe, based on the total weight of said first material.
2. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said first material and said second material are radially aligned or axially aligned.
3. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said second material is a cobalt based material.
4. The bushing according to claim 3 , wherein said cobalt based material includes 10 to 30 wt % Cr, 5 to 21 wt % Ni, 0 to 10 wt % Mo, 0 to 10 wt % W, 0 to 3 wt % V, 0.5 to 3 wt % C, and Co, based on the total weight of said cobalt based material.
5. The bushing according to claim 3 , wherein said cobalt based material includes 20 to 30 wt % Cr, 5 to 15 wt % Ni, 0 to 3 wt % Mo, 5 to 10 wt % W, 0 to 3 wt % V, 0.5 to 2 wt % C, and Co, based on the total weight of said cobalt based material.
6. The bushing according to claim 3 , wherein said cobalt based material includes 20 to 30 wt % Cr, 5 to 15 wt % Ni, 0 to 2 wt % Mo, 5 to 10 wt % W, 0 to 2 wt % V, 0.5 to 1.5 wt % C, and Co, based on the total weight of said cobalt based material.
7. The bushing according to claim 3 , wherein said cobalt based material includes 20 to 30 wt % Cr, 5 to 15 wt % Ni, 5 to 10 wt % W, and 0.5 to 1.5 wt % C, based on the total weight of said cobalt based material; and said iron based material includes 10 to 20 wt % Cr, 5 to 15 wt % Ni, 1 to 5 wt % Mo, and 1 to 2 wt % C, based on the total weight of said iron based material.
8. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said second material is an iron based material different from said first material.
9. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said first material includes 15 to 25 wt % Cr, 0 to 5 wt % Ni, 1.5 to 6.5 wt % Mo, 1 to 4 wt % W, 1 to 3 wt % V, and 0.5 to 2.5 wt % C, based on the total weight of said first material.
10. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said first material includes 18 to 24 wt % Cr, 0 to 5 wt % Ni, 1.5 to 6.5 wt % Mo, 1 to 4 wt % W, 1 to 3 wt % V, and 0.8 to 2.4 wt % C, based on the total weight of said first material.
11. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said first material includes 10 to 25 wt % Cr, 7 to 20 wt % Ni, 1 to 7 wt % Mo, 0 to 3 wt % W, 0 to 3 wt % V, and 0.5 to 3 wt % C, based on the total weight of said first material.
12. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said first material includes 13 to 25 wt % Cr, 7 to 20 wt % Ni, 1 to 7 wt % Mo, 0 to 2 wt % W, 0 to 2 wt % V, and 1 to 3 wt % C, based on the total weight of said first material.
13. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said first material includes 10 to 25 wt % Cr, 10 to 21 wt % Ni, 2 to 10 wt % Mo, 0 to 3 wt % W, 0 to 2 wt % V, 4 to 20 wt % Co, and 0.5 to 2 wt % C, based on the total weight of said first material.
14. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said first material includes 13 to 25 wt % Cr, 10 to 21 wt % Ni, 2 to 10 wt % Mo, 0 to 3 wt % W, 0 to 2 wt % V, 4 to 20 wt % Co, and 0.8 to 1.6 wt % C, based on the total weight of said first material.
15. The bushing according to claim 1 , wherein said bushing has a tubular shape,
said second material is a cobalt based material including 10 to 30 wt % Cr, 5 to 21 wt % Ni, 0 to 10 wt % Mo, 0 to 10 wt % W, 0 to 3 wt % V, 0.5 to 3 wt % C, and Co, based on the total weight of said cobalt based material,
said first and second materials are sintered powdered metal,
said second material has a composition, microstructure and/or properties different from said first material, and
said first material has an axial length ranging from 5 to 95% of the overall length of said bushing.
16. The bushing according to claim 1 including a third material different form said first material and/or said second material.
17. The bushing according to claim 16 , wherein said first and third materials are located at axial ends of said bushing; said second material is located between said first and third materials; said first and third materials are an iron based material including 15 to 25 wt % Cr, 2 to 5 wt % Mo, 2 to 5 wt % W, 1 to 3 wt % V, and 1.5 to 2.5 wt % C, based on the total weight of said iron based material; and said second material is an iron based material including 10 to 15 wt % Cr and 0.5 to 1.5 wt % C, based on the total weight of said second material.
18. A turbocharger presenting a bore and including a bushing disposed in said bore, said bushing including a body extending axially along a longitudinal axis between opposite ends and radially from outer surface to an inner surface,
said body including a first material and a second material different from said first material, and
said first material is an iron-based material including 10 to 30 wt % Cr, 0 to 21 wt % Ni, 0 to 10 wt % Mo, 0 to 5 wt % W, 0 to 3 wt % C, 0 to 4 wt % V, 0 to 20 wt % Co, and Fe, based on the total weight of said first material.