HUMAN LIFE EXTENSION THERAPY THROUGH MOLECULAR, CELLULAR AND SUBCELLULAR MANAGEMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS OF MITOCHONDRIA AND OF OTHER ORGANELLE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADVENT OF DISEASE AND/OR AGING
This invention provides compositions, systems and methods that improve and/or optimize the health and performance of animals, especially mammals including humans, canines, equines, felines, etc. Key aspects of the principle invention and its parts include the monitoring, management and modulation of the body's natural cannabinoid systems through its native mechanisms thereby optimizing its processes by supplementation with endogenously occurring components and/or by administering synthetic compounds. The invention selects from multiple available resources to modify and/or rebalance an individual system or it may be applied across interconnected systems. The encompassing system that is intricately involved in the operations and intensities, e.g., the balancing of most other systems of our bodies, relates to cannabinoid compounds and their receptors. The cannabinoid pathways can be coordinated in rebalancing multiple and various metabolic pathways. Compositions comprising compounds that slow degradation of native endocannabinoids, that stimulate their production and/or compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors within the body are featured in systems and methods of this invention. The activated and rebalanced cannabinoid systems then become adept at modulating and the rebalancing of the numerous systems in which they participate to improve one or more systems including, but not limited to: normal and/or abnormal stresses of life, environmental influences, genomic or epigenomic irregularities and/or normal or accentuated processes of aging. Specifically targeted systems may include, but are not limited to, those involved in: cellular and/or mitochondrial metabolism, corticosteroid synthesis and effects, appetite, allergy and immunity, sleep and waking, etc. Practicing the invention selects from multiple approaches that may be used independently or in concert to compensate for a variety of concerns. Supplementing dietary intake to rebalance metabolism and/or its metabolic responses—including immunogenic or allergic responses to pathogenic and/or environmental stresses is one focus. Additional features of the invention may include: compensating for failing or decreasing androgen hormone levels as a human continues to age, rebalancing the organism's metabolism through providing mitochondrial supplements, and serially revisiting effects of the early stages of treatment to redirect or improve activity of all aspects of life and metabolism.
1 . A composition for improving human well-being comprising an orally or subcutaneously administrable substance containing at least one dosage selected from the group consisting of: a mitochondrial booster, an androgen hormone and a prohormone, said dosage selected to optimize at least one physiologic function in a selected mammal.
2 . The composition of claim 1 further comprising a compound having or supporting cannabinolic activity.
3 . The composition of claim 2 , comprising an endocannabinoid.
4 . The composition of claim 2 , wherein said activity is effected through a G-protein coupled receptor.
5 . The composition of claim 2 , wherein said activity is effected through a receptor selected from the group consisting of: CB 1 , CB 2 , TRPV 1 , TRPV 2 , TRPV 3, TRPV 4 , TRPA 1 , TRPM 8 , GPR 18 , GPR 119 , GPR 55 and GPR 118 .
6 . The composition of claim 2 , comprising a phytocannabinoid.
7 . The composition of claim 2 , comprising a synthetic cannabinoid.
8 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: AEA, 2AG, PEA, OEA and LEA.
9 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: URB597, URB937, AM374, ARN2508, BIA 10-2474, BMS-469908, CAY-10402, JNJ-245, JNJ-1661010, JNJ-28833155, JNJ-40413269, JNJ-42119779, JNJ-42165279, LY-2183240, Cannabidiol, MK-3168, MK-4409, MM-433593, OL-92, OL-135, PF-622, PF-750, PF-3845, PF-04457845, PF-04862853, RN-450, SA-47, SA-73, SSR-411298, ST-4068, TK-25, URB524, URB597 (KDS-4103), URB694, URB937, VER-156084, V-158866, AM3506, AM6701, CAY10435, CAY10499, IDFP, JJKK-048, JNJ-40355003, JNJ-5003, JW618, JW651, JZL184, JZL195, JZP-372A, KML29, MAFP, MJN110,ML30, N-arachidonoyl maleimide, OL-135, OL92, PF-04457845, SA-57, ST4070, URB880, URB937, indomethacin, MK-886, resveratrol, cis-resveratrol, aspirin, COX-1 inhibitor II, loganin, tenidap, SC560, FR 122047 hydrochloride, valeryl salicylate, FR122047 hydrate, ibuprofen, TFAP, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, meloxicam, APHS, etodolac, meloxicam, meloxicam sodium salt, N-(4-acetamidophenyl)indomethacin amide, N-(2-phenylethyl)indomethacin amide, N-(3-pyridyl)indomethacin amide,indomethacin heptyl ester, SC236, sulinac, sulindac sulfide, pravadoline, naproxen, naproxen sodium salt, meclofenamate sodium, ibupropfen, S-ibuprofen, piroxicam, ketoprofen, S-ketoprofen, R-ibuprofen, Ebselen, ETYA, diclofenac, diclofenac diethylamine, flurbiprofen, fexofenadine, Pterostilbene, Pterocarpus marsupium, 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid, Ketorolac (tromethamine salt), NO-indomethacin, S-flurbiprofen, sedanolide, green tea extract (e.g., epicatechin), licofelone, lornoxicam, rac ibuprofen-d3, ampirxicam, zaltoprofen, 7-(trifluoromethyl)1H-indole-2,3-dione, aceclofenac, acetylsalicylic acid-d4, S-ibuprofen lysinate, loxoprofen, CAY10589, ZU-6, isoicam, dipyrone, YS121 and MEG (mercaptoethylguanidine).
10 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid that is member of a class selected from the group consisting of: cannabigerol class, cannabichromene class, cannabicyclol class, Δ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol class, cannabieson class, cannabinol and cannabinodiol class, cannabitriol class and miscellaneous class.
11 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: CBGA, CBGAM, CBG, CBGM; CBGVA and CBGV.
12 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: CBCA, CBC, CBCVA, CBCV, CBDA, CBD, CBDM, CBD-C4, CBDVA, CBDV, CBD-C1, THCA-A, THCA-B, 6a,10a-trans-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9- trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol, THC,) THCA-C4, THC-C4, THCVA, THCV, A′-cis-isotetrahydro-cannabivarin, THCA-C1 and THC-C1.
13 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: Δ 8 -TCA and Δ 8 -THC.
14 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: CBL, CBLA and CBLV.
15 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: CBEA-A, CBEA-B and CBE.
16 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: CBNA, CBN, CBNM, CBN-C4, CBV, CBN-C2, CBN-C1), CBND and CBDV.
17 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: CBT, 10-EHDT, 8,9-DHDT, CBTV and CBTVE.
18 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: DCBF, CBF, CBCN, CBT, OTHC, cis-THC, 2H-iso-HHCV, CBR and triOH-THC.
19 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of: an FAAH inhibitor, R-WIN 55,212-2 and an MAGL inhibitor.
20 . The composition of claim 2 comprising an EFA.
21 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a fatty acid selected from the group consisting of: oxytocin, ω-3 fatty acid and ω-6 fatty acid.
22 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of: N-alkylamides, phytoalkanes, n-alkanes, N-acylethanolamines, flavonoids, curcuminoids, polyphenols, biphenyl neolignans, sesquiterpenes, N-Isobutylamides and p-hydroxyphenyl-O-arylcarbamates.
23 . The composition of claim 22 comprising an alkane wherein said alkane has a number of carbons selected from the group consisting of: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39.
24 . The composition of claim 22 comprising an alkane wherein said alkane comprises one or more sidegroups selected from the group consisting of: 2-methyl-, 3-methyl-, and dimethyl.
25 . The composition of claim 2 comprising an alkane selected from the group consisting of: nonacosane, heptacosane, 2,6-dimethyltetradecane, pentacosane, hexacosane, and hentriacontane.
26 . The composition of claim 2 comprising material derived from a plant selected from the group consisting of: Echinacea, Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, curcurmin, Salvia divinorum , sage, lemon grass, hops, verbana, Cannabis, thyme, mango, Helichrysum umbraculigerum liverwort, cacao, ginger, tumeric, Curcuma longa, Magnolia officinalis, Norway spruce, black pepper, basil, Myristica fragrans, cloves, Sciadopitys verticillata, oregano, cinnamon, black pepper, hemp, rosemary, flax and Elettaria repens.
27 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a material selected from the group consisting of: β-caryophyllene, a β-caryophyllene oxide, salvinorin A, myrcene, perrottetinenic acid, apigenin, quercetin, cannflavin A, cannflavin B, β-sitosterol, vitexin, isovitexin, kaempferol, luteolin, orientin, a gingerol, capsaicin, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, cyclocurcumin, trans-resveratrol, diferuloylmethane, trans-arachidins, trans-piceatannol, isoprenylated trans-resveratrol derivatives, sciadonic acid magnolol, honokiol, malyngamide B, (+) sabinene, (−) sabinene, lsobutylamide, dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide, dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10Z-tetraenoic acid alkylamide, 1-[(2E,4E,8Z)-tetradecatrienoyl] piperidine, β-caryophyllene and ajulemic acid.
28 . The composition of claim 2 wherein said compound comprises antioxidant activity.
29 . The composition of claim 2 wherein said compound comprises a plant sourced composition selected from the group consisting of: abinene, α-pinene, 4,8-dimethyl-1,7-nonadien-4-ol, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-valeric, acid, methyl, ester, octanal, O-cymene, eucalyptol, α-phellandrene, cis-sabinene, hydroxide, myrcenol, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, β-thujene, ç-terpinene, trans-α-ocimene, carveol, β-citral, guanidine, geraniol, bornyl, acetate, β-pinene, thymol, geranic, acid, methyl, ester, α-terpinyl, acetate, d-limonene, eugenol, geranyl, acetate, dihydrocarvyl, acetate, α-ylangene, cis-dodec-5-enal, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic, acid, methyl, ester, 3-elemene, c, vanillin, epoxy-α-terpenyl, acetate, butanoic, acid, 2-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl, ester, 1-methyl-4-(1-acetoxy-1-methylethyl)-cyclohex-2-enol, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, [2r-(2à,4aà,8aá)]-naphthalene, p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, ç-muurolene, hydroxy-α-terpenyl, acetate, nerolidol, geranyl, bromide, (−)-α-panasinsen, pyrocatechol, ç-elemene, 9,10-dehydro-isolongifolene, α-calacorene, cis-verbenol, acetic, acid, 1-methyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxo-cyclohex-3-enyl)ethyl, ester, alloaromadendrene, z,z-2,6-dimethyl-3,5,7-octatriene-2-ol, 4-epi-cubedol, 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ol, 1,3,3-trimethyl-acetate, patchoulane, farnesol, caryophyllene, oxide, cis-lanceol, ledene, oxide-(ii), farnesol, acetate, 6-epi-shyobunol, falcarinol, phytol, aromadendrene, oxide-(2), heptacosane, longipinene, epoxide, hentriacontane, decamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane, geranyl, isobutyr, hexamethyl-cyclotrisiloxane, 1-docosene, tetratetracontane and dodecamethyl-cyclohexasiloxane.
30 . A composition comprising a mitochondrial metabolic modifier in combination with a compound having or supporting cannabinolic activity.
31 . The composition of claim 30 wherein said modifier is selected from the group consisting of: Riboflavin (B2), L-Creatine, CoQ 10 , L-arginine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, cyclosporin A, manganese, magnesium, carnosine, vitamin E, resveratrol, α-lipoic acid, folinic acid, dichloroacetate, succinate, prostaglandins (PG) prostacyclins, thromboxanes, prostanoic acid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and glutathione.
32 . The composition of claim 30 wherein said compound having or supporting cannabinolic activity interacts with the pathway of a receptor selected from the group consisting of: CB 1 , CB 2 , TRPV 1 , TRPV 2 , TRPV 3 , TRPV 4 , TRPA 1 , TRPM 8 , GPR 18 , GPR 119 , GPR 55 and GPR 118 .
33 . A method for improving human emotional and/or metabolic well-being comprising increasing cannabinoid synthesis in said human through a targeted manipulation of a human-animal relationship.
34 . The method of claim 33 wherein a cannabinoid containing supplement is administered to said human.
35 . The method of claim 33 comprising increasing cannabinoid synthesis through a targeted manipulation of a human-animal relationship.
36 . The method of claim 35 , wherein said targeted manipulation comprises administering to a pet or other human associate at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a compound having or supporting cannabinolic activity, a compound having or supporting anabolic steroid activity and a compound comprising a mitochondrial metabolic modifier.
37 . The composition of claim 1 , comprising testosterone.
38 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the physiologic function is selected from the group consisting of: sugar metabolism, joint health, bone density, blood pressure and caloric intake.
39 . The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is formatted as a gel, a powder, a liquid, a food supplement, a moist food, a dry food, a candy or a solidified matrix.
40 . The method according to claim 1 wherein a 3-D printer is used to control dosing of the hormone or prohormone.
41 . The composition according to claim 39 wherein the food comprises a plurality of packagings, wherein at least a first packaging contains active ingredient for admixing to at least a second package contents.
42 . The composition according to claim 37 , comprising a gel.
43 . The composition according to claim 1 wherein said at least one physiologic function is selected from the group consisting of: adipose metabolism, cardiac performance, glucose utilization, circulation, general nervous system activation or activity, hormonal secretion, salt (electrolyte) balance, function of a particular tissue or organ system, membrane transport across the membrane of one or more cell types, muscle activity, maintained muscle mass, O 2 consumption, skin health and visual abilities.
44 . The composition according to claim 1 wherein the optimization of said at least one physiologic function has a result that improves at least one life factor selected from the group consisting of: general sense of well-being, clinical depression, fatigue sensation, athletic activity, positive interaction with another organism, motivation, liveliness and healing rate.
45 . The composition according to claim 1 further comprising at least one promoter of mitochondrial metabolism.
46 . The composition according to claim 45 wherein the facet of mitochondrial metabolism that is promoted is selected from the group consisting of: oxidative phosphorylation, coupling efficiency (energy versus heat production), free radical generation, free radical scavenging, initiation of apoptosis, mtDNA transcription, mtDNA maintenance, generation of reactive oxygen species, controlling DNA acetylation, controlling DNA methylation, histone modification, mitochondrial protein translation, post translational modification or mitochondrial proteins, mitochondrial protein import or translocation, ion import, ion homeostasis, nucleotide translocation, ATP translocation, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, Ca ++ compartmentalization or homeostasis, steroid biosynthesis, a component of the urea cycle, fatty acid oxidation, a component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvate metabolism, cellular redox balance, synthesis of precursor compounds for a mitochondrial function or activity, iron metabolism, oxygen metabolism and any component or activity of the electron transport chain.
47 . The composition according to claim 1 further comprising a substance selected from the group consisting of: Riboflavin (B2), L-Creatine, CoQ 10 , L-arginine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, cyclosporin A, manganese, magnesium, carnosine, vitamin E, resveratrol, α-lipoic acid, folinic acid, dichloroacetate, succinate, prostaglandins (PG) prostacyclins, thromboxanes, prostanoic acid, 2 - arachidonoylglycerol and glutathione.
48 . The composition according to claim 1 wherein the substance is complexed by covalent or non-covalent bonding with non-hormonal or non-prohormonal material.
49 . The composition according to claim 1 wherein the substance further comprises at least one lipophilic vitamin.
50 . The composition according to claim 49 wherein the at least one lipophilic vitamin is selected from the group consisting of: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K.
51 . The composition according to claim 1 wherein the substance is administered using a device implanted sub-dermally.
52 . The composition according to claim 51 wherein the composition is prepared using a 3D printing method.
53 . A method for improving human well-being comprising: delivering to a person who stands to benefit therefrom, a dosage of androgen hormone or prohormone selected to improve at least one physiologic function in said person.
54 . The method according to claim 53 wherein:
a) testosterone level is assessed in person selected for possible benefit;
b) an amount of testosterone is selected to increase circulating testosterone to a desired level and to improve at least one facet of the select person's physiology;
c) at least one composition is prepared, said composition comprising testosterone in an amount that taking into account the frequency and volume of said composition is designed to administer the amount selected in b); and
d) administering said at least one composition in accordance with the volume and frequency of c).
55 . The method according to claim 54 wherein said at least one physiologic function is selected from the group consisting of: adipose metabolism, cardiac performance, glucose utilization, circulation, general nervous system activation or activity, hormonal secretion, salt (electrolyte) balance, function of a particular tissue or organ system, membrane transport across the membrane of one or more cell types, muscle activity, maintained muscle mass, O 2 consumption, skin health and visual abilities.
56 . The method according to claim 54 wherein after at least two weeks have elapsed from initiation of part d), parts a) through d) are repeated with an outcome that a desired androgen concentration remains is circulation.
57 . The method according to claim 54 further comprising: delivering to said person, a promoter of mitochondrial function that is also selected to improve at least one physiologic function in said person, said at least one physiologic function being identical to or differing from the at least one physiologic function targeted by the hormone or prohormone.
58 . The method according to claim 54 wherein subsequent to mitochondrial function in said person being assessed, said method further comprises choosing a substance to improve said mitochondrial function, and administering said substance to said person.
59 . The method according to claim 54 further comprising assessing mitochondrial function in said person, choosing a substance to improve said mitochondrial function, and administering said substance to said person.
60 . The method according to claim wherein the at least one composition comprises one in a form selected from the group consisting of: a capsule, a tablet, a caplet, a liquid beverage, a powder, a liquid or powder beverage additive, a gel, a ready-to-eat food, either moist or dry, a chunk, a bar and a toy.
61 . A method for improving human well-being comprising increasing circulating levels of SHBG protein in the blood.
62 . The method according to claim 61 wherein SHBG is produced by enteric organisms cultured into the person's microbiome.
63 . The method according to claim 61 wherein a SHBG porous capsule is introduced subcutaneously, said capsule comprising in its interior an expression system producing SHBG.
64 . The method according to claim 62 comprising a lipoporous capsule is introduced subcutaneously, said capsule comprising in its interior a system releasing androgenic substance capable of binding with SHBG.
65 . The method of claim 54 further comprising delivering to said human a compound having or supporting cannabinolic activity.
66 . A method for improving human well-being comprising administering to said human at least one mitochondrial metabolic booster selected from the group consisting of: Riboflavin (B2), L-Creatine, CoQ 10 , L-arginine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, cyclosporin A, manganese, magnesium, carnosine, vitamin E, resveratrol, α-lipoic acid, folinic acid, dichloroacetate, succinate, prostaglandins (PG) prostacyclins, thromboxanes, prostanoic acid, and glutathione in association with administering to said human at least one compound having or supporting cannabinolic activity.
67 . A method for improving human well-being comprising: administering to said human at least one composition designed to impact a system or output selected from the group consisting of: oxidative phosphorylation, coupling efficiency (energy versus heat production), free radical generation, free radical scavenging, initiation of apoptosis, mtDNA transcription, mtDNA maintenance, generation of reactive oxygen species, controlling DNA acetylation, controlling DNA methylation, histone modification, mitochondrial protein translation, post translational modification or mitochondrial proteins, mitochondrial protein import or translocation, ion import, ion homeostasis, nucleotide translocation, ATP translocation, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, Ca ++ compartmentalization or homeostasis, steroid biosynthesis, a component of the urea cycle, fatty acid oxidation, a component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvate metabolism, cellular redox balance, synthesis of precursor compounds for a mitochondrial function or activity, iron metabolism, oxygen metabolism and any component or activity of the electron transport chain in said human; and balancing said impact through administering to said human at least one compound having or supporting cannabinolic activity.
68 . A method for improving human well-being comprising administering to said human at least one compound having or supporting cannabinolic activity for rebalancing at least one physiologic system in said human and wherein said human has been recognized as one as likely to benefit from such rebalancing.
69 . The method of claim 68 wherein said at least one compound comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: CBGA, CBGAM, CBG, CBGM; CBGVA and CBGV.
70 . The composition of claim 2 comprising a cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of: CBCA, CBC, CBCVA, CBCV, CBDA, CBD, CBDM, CBD-C4, CBDVA, CBDV, CBD-C1, THCA-A, THCA-B, 6a,10a-trans-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9- trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol, THC,) THCA-C4, THC-C4, THCVA, THCV, Δ 7 -cis-isotetrahydro-cannabivarin, THCA-C1, THC-C1, Δ 8 -TCA, Δ 8 -THC, CBL, CBLA, CBLV, CBEA-A, CBEA-B, CBE, CBNA, CBN, CBNM, CBN-C4, CBV, CBN-C2, CBN-C1), CBND, CBDV,CBT, 10-EHDT, 8,9-DHDT, CBTV, CBTVE, DCBF, CBF, CBCN, CBT, OTHC, cis-THC, 2H-iso-HHCV, CBR, triOH-THC, abinene, α-pinene, 4,8-dimethyl-1,7-nonadien-4-ol, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-valeric, acid, methyl, ester, octanal, O-cymene, eucalyptol, α-phellandrene, cis-sabinene, hydroxide, myrcenol, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, β-thujene, ç-terpinene, trans-α-ocimene, carveol, β-citral, guanidine, geraniol, bornyl, acetate, β-pinene, thymol, geranic, acid, methyl, ester, α-terpinyl, acetate, d-limonene, eugenol, geranyl, acetate, dihydrocarvyl, acetate, α-ylangene, cis-dodec-5-enal, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic, acid, methyl, ester, β-elemene, c, vanillin, epoxy-α-terpenyl, acetate, butanoic, acid, 2-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl, ester, 1-methyl-4-(1-acetoxy-1-methylethyl)-cyclohex-2-enol, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-, [2r-(2à,4aà,8aá)]-naphthalene, p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, ç-muurolene, hydroxy-α-terpenyl, acetate, nerolidol, geranyl, bromide, (−)-α-panasinsen, pyrocatechol, ç-elemene, 9,10-dehydro-isolongifolene, à-calacorene, cis-verbenol, acetic, acid, 1-methyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxo-cyclohex-3-enyl)ethyl, ester, alloaromadendrene, z,z-2,6-dimethyl-3,5,7-octatriene-2-ol, 4-epi-cubedol, 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ol, 1,3,3-trimethyl-acetate, patchoulane, farnesol, caryophyllene, oxide, cis-lanceol, ledene, oxide-(ii), farnesol, acetate, 6-epi-shyobunol, falcarinol, phytol, aromadendrene, oxide-(2), heptacosane, longipinene, epoxide, hentriacontane, decamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane, geranyl, isobutyr, hexamethyl-cyclotrisiloxane, 1-docosene, tetratetracontane, dodecamethyl-cyclohexasiloxane, URB597, URB937, AM374, ARN2508, BIA 10-2474, BMS-469908, CAY-10402, JNJ-245, JNJ-1661010, JNJ-28833155, JNJ-40413269, JNJ-42119779, JNJ-42165279, LY-2183240, Cannabidiol, MK-3168, MK-4409, MM-433593, OL-92, OL-135, PF-622, PF-750, PF-3845, PF-04457845, PF-04862853, RN-450, SA-47, SA-73, SSR-411298, ST-4068, TK-25, URB524, URB597 (KDS-4103), URB694, URB937, VER-156084, V-158866, AM3506, AM6701, CAY10435, CAY10499, IDFP, JJKK-048, JNJ-40355003, JNJ-5003, JW618, JW651, JZL184, JZL195, JZP-372A,KML29, MAFP, MJN110,ML30, N-arachidonoyl maleimide, OL-135, OL92, PF-04457845, SA-57, ST4070, URB880, URB937, indomethacin, MK-886, resveratrol, cis-resveratrol, aspirin, COX-1 inhibitor II, loganin, tenidap, SC560, FR 122047 hydrochloride, valeryl salicylate, FR122047 hydrate, ibuprofen, TFAP, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, meloxicam, APHS, etodolac, meloxicam, meloxicam sodium salt, N-(4-acetamidophenyl)indomethacin amide, N-(2-phenylethyl)indomethacin amide, N-(3-pyridyl)indomethacin amide,indomethacin heptyl ester, SC236, sulinac, sulindac sulfide, pravadoline, naproxen, naproxen sodium salt, meclofenamate sodium, ibupropfen, S-ibuprofen, piroxicam, ketoprofen, S-ketoprofen, R-ibuprofen, Ebselen, ETYA, diclofenac, diclofenac diethylamine, flurbiprofen, fexofenadine, Pterostilbene, Pterocarpus marsupium, 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid, Ketorolac (tromethamine salt), NO-indomethacin, S-flurbiprofen, sedanolide, green tea extract (e.g., epicatechin), licofelone, lornoxicam, rac ibuprofen-d3, ampirxicam, zaltoprofen, 7-(trifluoromethyl)1H-indole-2,3-dione, aceclofenac, acetylsalicylic acid-d4, S-ibuprofen lysinate, loxoprofen, CAY10589, ZU-6, isoicam, dipyrone, YS121 and MEG (mercaptoethylguanidine).