Capillary network devices and methods of use
Artificial microvascular network (AMVN) devices are provided and related methods of making and methods of using such devices are provided. The present disclosure generally relates to an AMVN device comprising a substrate including a capillary network configured so as to simulate those actually encountered in the circulation of various humans and animal model systems. In certain aspects, the AMVN devices may be used, e.g., to investigate the effect of storing RBCs under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. However, the use of such AMVN devices is not so limited.
1. An artificial microvascular network device for a biological sample comprising:
a substrate having a capillary network formed thereon;
wherein said capillary network comprises at least one unbranched microchannel of a variable size along its length; at least one inlet port in communication with said capillary network microchannel for sample entry; and at least one outlet port in communication with said capillary network microchannel for sample exit; and wherein the at least one unbranched microchannel ranges in size from 3 μm to 70 μm; and
wherein said variable cross-sectional width is oriented along the longitudinal axis of said at least one unbranched microchannel, wherein said at least one unbranched microchannel comprises a gradual taper having an initial width greater than a final width, and a taper length ranging from 5 μm to 100 μm, a constriction and one or more expanded regions following said constriction and having an expanded region width greater than said constriction and said final width of said gradual taper.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said gradual taper comprises said initial width of about 30 μm and said final width of about 3 μm.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein said gradual taper comprises said initial width of about 8 μm and said final width of about 3 μm.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein said at least one unbranched microchannel further comprises two or more expanded regions separated by a spacer.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein said two or more expanded regions comprise a length ranging from 5 μm to 20 μm.
6. The device of claim 4 , wherein said spacer has a width of 5 μm and a length of 16 μm.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein said capillary network comprises a constant depth ranging from 1 μm to 25 μm.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein said at least one unbranched microchannel further comprises a constant depth ranging from 1 μm to 25 μm.
9. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an inlet channel in communication with said at least one inlet port and said at least one unbranched microchannel.
10. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an outlet channel in communication with said at least one outlet port and said at least one unbranched microchannel.
11. The device of claim 9 , wherein said one or more inlet microchannels is a primary inlet microchannel in communication with one or more microchannel junctions to bifurcate said primary inlet microchannel into two or more secondary inlet microchannels.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the dimension of said primary inlet microchannel is greater than the dimension of at least one of said two or more secondary inlet microchannels.
13. The device of claim 11 , wherein said secondary inlet microchannel is in communication with one or more microchannel junctions to bifurcate said secondary inlet microchannel into two or more tertiary inlet microchannels.
14. The device of claim 11 , wherein the dimension of said secondary microchannel is greater than the dimension of at least one of said two or more tertiary inlet microchannels.
15. The device of claim 13 , wherein one or more of said tertiary inlet microchannels is in communication with one or more microchannel junctions to bifurcate said tertiary inlet microchannel into two or more quaternary inlet microchannels.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the dimension of said tertiary microchannel is greater than the dimension of at least one of said two or more quaternary inlet microchannels.
17. The device of claim 13 , wherein two or more microchannels selected from the group consisting of a primary inlet microchannel, a secondary inlet microchannel, a tertiary inlet microchannel, and a quaternary inlet microchannel are in communication with a junction that converges to form at least one primary outlet microchannel.
18. A method comprising:
a) obtaining a blood sample from a unit of blood;
b) applying said blood sample to a capillary network device (CND),
wherein said capillary network comprises at least one unbranched microchannel of a variable size along its length; at least one inlet port in communication with said capillary network microchannel for sample entry; and at least one outlet port in communication with said capillary network microchannel for sample exit; and wherein the at least one unbranched microchannel ranges in size from 3 μm to 70 μm; and wherein said variable cross-sectional width is oriented along the longitudinal axis of said at least one unbranched microchannel, wherein said at least one unbranched microchannel comprises a gradual taper having an initial width greater than a final width, and a taper length ranging from 5 μm to 100 μm, a constriction, and one or more expanded regions following said constriction and having an expanded region width greater than said constriction and said final width of said gradual taper;
c) measuring red blood cell (RBC) deformability in said blood sample and comparing said RBC deformability to a predetermined value; and
d) selecting said unit of blood for extended storage.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said measure of RBC deformability is selected from the group consisting of the flow rate through a CND measured at an inlet port or an outlet port, the number of plugging events of individual microchannels in a CND, the plugging frequency of individual microchannels in a CND, the overall flow rate through the CND and the flow rates in individual microchannels of CND, an aggregate perfusion index comprising the overall flow rate through the CND and the flow rates in individual microchannels of CND, the overall RBC flux through a CND, the RBC flux through individual microchannels of a CND, and the aggregate index comprising the RBC flux measured in various channels of a CND.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein said gradual taper comprises said initial width of about 8 μm and said final width of about 3 μm.